Hand, of fabrics

Fabric hand is defined as the estimated quality of a fabric, evaluated as reaction of the sense of touch, which is integrated in our brain to a total value. Important components of the sensory perception are the smoothness, compressibility and elasticity of the textile sample. As the hand of fabrics is primarily a subjective feeling - similar to the impression of colour - there have been many efforts to find methods for objective evaluation of the fabric hand. While instrumental colour measurement is very common in textile quality control, the automated measurement of fabric hand is still a topic of discussion and subjective manual hand evaluation is still the most important method. Simple methods to measure some aspects of fabric hand were described by Dawes and Owen. Many factors such as the colour of the textile, the hght and the surroundings, influence the manual evaluation of fabric hand. The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists has published guidelines for subjective hand evaluation. ... 

To affect the feel or hand of fabrics, finishes increase or decrease the natural friction between the fibers. Thus lubricants make the fabrics feel softer or have increased pliability. On the other hand, antislip finishes such as rosin, carbomethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose impart a harsh feel to the fabric. 

Shin, Y, D. I. Yoo, and K. Son, Development of Thermoregulating Textile Materials with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (PCM). IV. Performance Properties and Hand of Fabrics Treated with PCM Microcapsules. Journal ofApplied Polymer Science, 2005, 97(3), 910-915. 

Other Fiber Deformations. Deformations such as bending, torsion, shear, and compression are of practical importance in textile apphcations. Bending and twisting of yams, both influential in the development of bulk and stretch in filament yams, are also important in the production of staple yams. Bending characteristics are important in cmsh resistance in carpets. Bending and shear are factors that influence the hand and drape of apparel fabrics, whereas compression influences the recovery of fabrics after such processes as winding. 

Years of development have led to a standardized system for objective evaluation of fabric hand (129). This, the Kawabata evaluation system (KES), consists of four basic testing machines a tensile and shear tester, a bending tester, a compression tester, and a surface tester for measuring friction and surface roughness. To complete the evaluation, fabric weight and thickness are determined. The measurements result in 16 different hand parameters or characteristic values, which have been correlated to appraisals of fabric hand by panels of experts (121). Translation formulas have also been developed based on required levels of each hand property for specific end uses (129). The properties include stiffness, smoothness, and fullness levels as well as the total hand value. In more recent years, abundant research has been documented concerning hand assessment (130—133). 

Depth filters on the other hand are composed of layers of fabric or fibers, which provide many tortuous paths for the fluid to flow through. The pores or passages must be larger than the rated size of the filter if particles are to be retained in the depth of the media rather than on the surface. 

Everybody knows what a solid is. It s hard, doesn t change its shape, and you can t pour it. But what about a piece of soft fabric Or a handful of sand They re solids too. If you look at a small enough piece, like a grain of sand, you can see that it holds its shape. Sand only pours because you have lots of little solid grains. And while fleece might feel soft, that s because the fabric is flexible. It bends, but it s stiU solid. 

In reality there is probably neither a best method nor substrate for NA immobilization in array fabrication and certainly array fabrication is neither a simple nor straightforward process [93]. For these reasons, at least for the time being it seems likely that array fabrication will remain in the hands of experts and that it will become ever more common for dedicated organizations to act as service providers in array screening for researchers, clinicians etc. 

Of necessity, this book contains basic details of fabrication of process plant and equipment in various chemical industries. Repetition here and there is unavoidable as the sole objective of this guide is to make sure the reader has the knowledge immediately at hand. 

Epoxy, on the other hand, is inexpensive, and is most highly regarded for its ease of fabrication with very little shrinkage and the ability to use a diversity of additives to obtain the desired properties. The epoxy addition reaction forms a... 

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