Grafting of cellulose

The use of ceric ions to initiate graft polymerization was first discussed by Mino and Kaizerman in 1958 [12]. Schwab and coworkers [13] were among the first to extend this method to the grafting of cellulose. Following their work, numerous papers have appeared in the literature on the grafting of vinyl monomers onto cellulose by this technique. 

D. Grafting of Cellulose by Using KBrOs or KMn04 Redox System... 

The Ce + initiation of grafting and the products obtained from polysaccharides has been reviewed repeatedly5>6. Only some studies of the optimal grafting conditions for grafting of cellulose substrates will be treated here2°>29 30> The reactants should be added to the cellulose suspension in the order CeI,+ initiator and then vinyl monomer to increase the yield of grafted polymer. The optimum conditions are not only related to the pH of the reaction medium but to the relations between the Ce + concentra-... 

The existence of a true graft copolymer was concluded from the weight increase not extractable by polystyrene solvents and by the eventual leveling off of the weight increase while homopolymerization continued. Moreover, the graft of cellulose acetate and styrene after dissolution and precipitation with various solvents and precipitants still showed the infrared absorption of both substituents. In addition to this, the results fitted well with the kinetic theoiy of grafting proved on other systems. 

Stannett, V. Grafting to cellulose and its derivatives. Tappi 47, 85 A (1964). Ceresa, R. J. Block and graft copolymers. London Butterworth 1962. Hermans, J. J. Chemical mechanisms in the grafting of cellulose. Pure and Appl. Chem. 5, 147 (1962). 

Hermans, J. J. Chemical mechanisms in the grafting of cellulose. Pure and Appl. Chem. 5, 158 (1962). 

Until recently, few studies of UV light induced grafting of cellulosics have been reported (e.g.1-7 and references therein). 

Thermoplasticization of Wood by Graft Copolymerization in De-crystallized State. We have reported that wood can effectively be decrystallized without a weight-loss by treating with a non-aqueous cellulose solvent, the SO2-DEA-DMSO solution (11). Thus, use of the non-aqueous cellulose solvent as a reaction medium for the graft-copolymerization of monomers to wood was expected to result in products with branch polymers more uniformly distributed. The results obtained by the homogeneous grafting of cellulose (10) were expected to support this idea. 

UV- or y-radiation-induced grafting of cellulose films with styrene in methanol solution was significantly enhanced in the presence of H2SO4, lithium salts, urea, and other organic compounds and polyfunctional monomers... 

Siqueira, G., Bras, J., Dufresne, A. New process of chemical grafting of cellulose nanoparticles with a long chain isocyanate. Langmuir. 26, 402 11 (2010b)... 

Hansson S, Ostmark E, Carlmark A, Malmstrom E (2009) ARGET ATRP for versatile grafting of cellulose using various monomers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 1 2651-2659... 

Vlcek P, Janata M, Latalova P, Kriz J, Cadova E, Toman L (2006) Controlled grafting of cellulose diacetate. Polymer 47 2587-2595... 

Kloser E, Gray DG. Surface grafting of cellulose nanocrystals with poly(ethylene oxide) in aqueous media. Langmuir 2010 26 13450-13456. 

Malmstrom E, Carlmark A (2012) Controlled grafting of cellulose fibres—an outlook beyond paper and cardboard. Polym Chem 3 727-733... 

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