Pesticide removal

Campbell JL, Smith MA, Eiteman MA, et al. 2000. Comparison of solvents for removing pesticides form skin using an in vitro porcine model. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 61 82-88. 

NF membranes have been used to remove pesticides from aqueous streams, as their molecular weight invariably is more then 200. Kiso et al. (2000) have studied the rejection properties of a number of pesticides, and it appears that this method is very promising. 

Over the past five years, a system for removing pesticides from the wash water produced by pesticide applicators as they clean their equipment has been developed. The system incorporates a two-stage treatment process. The first step is the flocculation/coagulation and sedimentation of the pesticide contaminated wash water. The supernatant from the first step is then passed through activated carbon columns. This paper describes the development of the system, the evaluation of the system s adequacy to handle a wide variety of pesticides, and the recommendations on the implementation of this system to commercial pesticide applicators. 

Investigate alternative methods of removing pesticides from... 

In the EPA sponsored project (Whittaker, et al. 1982) the extent of the problem was Investigated and alternative means of removing pesticides from contaminated wastewater were evaluated. 

The USEPA surveys identified 17 pesticide plants using deep well injection for the disposal of wastewater [7]. One plant used incinerators to remove pesticides as well as benzene and toluene from the wastewater before disposal by deep well injection. Using deep well injection to dispose of hazardous wastes is expected to decrease in the future because of more stringent regulatory requirements and increased concerns about the long-term fate of these wastes in the injection zone. 

A 10- to 15-gpm EXXFLOW unit and an EXXPRESS unit producing 50 gal of filter cake per day were installed to remove pesticides, heavy metals, and oils from rinse liquid produced by EMC Corporation in Fresno, California. Capital costs were approximately 175,000. Equipment installation cost 12,000 (D11314U, p. 43). 

Mussels NP-HPLC, online 3.9-mm-ID X 15-cm Silica Nova-pack, 4 fim w-Hexane to elute lipids hexane-ethyl acetate to remove pesticide... 

Rochette and Koskinen (1996) developed a system that uses supercritical C02 to remove pesticides from the aqueous phase of an unsaturated soil without first requiring the separation of the solution from soil. Using this technique, sorption coefficients were found to increase with increasing organic carbon and clay contents for three field-moist soils. Moreover, sorption significantly increased in sand as gravimetric moisture content increased from 4% to 16%, and in a silt loam as moisture increased from 9.6% to 27%. 

Patty, L., B. Real, and J.J. Gril (1997). The use of grass buffer strips to remove pesticides, nitrate, and soluble phosphorus compounds from runoff water. Pestic. Sci., 49 243-251. 

One of the major benefits of pesticides is the protection of crop yields. According to the National Research Council (2000), removing pesticides from U.S. agriculture would cause crop production to decline as much as 50%, depending on the crop species. Moreover, farm exports would decrease by 50%, and consumer expenditures for food would increase— and be accompanied by an increase in inflation—as food prices increase. In the United States, we will spend 30-40% of our income on food as opposed to 8.7% currently. It was concluded that chemical insecticides should remain part of a larger toolbox of diverse pest management tactics in the foreseeable future. 

Sink term In residential models, this term removes pesticide from the residential environments (e.g. degradation of the pesticide, diffusion into room materials etc.) (Matoba and van Veen, Ch. 6). 

The ozone/H202 process is used in water treatment installations in Europe to remove pesticides from drinking water [19]. 

In contrast, Hofman et al. (1995) reported that NF was not able to remove pesticides well enough, and that an activated carbon post-treatment was necessar), while RO showed a higher pesticide removal. The rejection dependence of membrane material was much greater for NF than RO. 

Adsorption is one of the most frequently applied methods to remove pesticides and dissolved organic pollutants and other hazardous chemicals from water, due to its efficiency, capacity, and possible applicability on a large scale. 

Toluene (methylbenzene) and xylene (dimethylbenzene and xylol) are very common aromatic solvents widely used in glues, inks, dyes, lacquers, varnishes, paints, paint removers, pesticides, cleaners, and degreasers. The largest source of exposure to toluene is in the production and use of gasoline. Toluene is also frequently abused intentionally by inhaling paints containing toluene to induce a sniffer s high. ... 

Previous research aimed at removing pesticide residues from contaminated fabrics has been directed at removal of a particular pesticide chemical and/or formulation of pesticide, with no effect toward comparing the pesticide residue s composition to that of common soil. Fabric selection for this study allowed a comparison of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers and the effect of fabric type on soil removal. Two fabrics were identified for the study. Denim was 100% cotton fabric of twill weave dyed with indigo dyes. This fabric was 14 ounce, comparable to the heavy weight denim found in jeans. The second fabric was Gore Tex, a three layer structure consisting of an outer layer of rip-stop nylon and an inner layer of nylon tricot laminated to a film. The film was a micro-porous, polymeric film or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Previous studies on pesticide penetration found Gore Tex to be impermeable to pesticides. Thermal comfort studies found it to be relatively comfortable, similar In comfort to the commonly worn denim jeans and a chambray shirt. 

CSIRO Orica Watercare, Enzyme product removes pesticides fl om water. http //www.csiro. au/en/Outcomes/Environment/Australian-Landscapes/Pesticide-Bioremediation.aspx. Accessed 20 Feb 2013... 

The Bay environment includes many fresh, brackish and salt water marshes and tidal flats which cover an area of approximately 1,700 square kilometers. These marshes are present along both the Eastern and Western Shores of the Chesapeake Bay and constitute an important component of the Bay ecosystem, in part because they are highly reactive environments and may play an important role in removing pesticides before they reach the main estuary. If these removal processes result in the detoxification of contaminants, they might be considered for use in treating agricultural runoff. 

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