Plasma polymerization method

Materials Produced by Thermal Radiation, and Plasma Polymerization Methods... 

The polymers produced by thermal, radiation and plasma polymerization methods were among the first organic materials with semiconducting properties [97-99]. References to the early papers on photoconductivity in such materials may be found in the monograph [14]. 

Figure 6.9 Comparison between the TMS and the CH4 signals obtained by the DC cathodic plasma polymerization method (5 W, 50 mtorr, 3 min) (a) TMS plasma (b) CH4 plasma.

For forming a protective layer, dependent on the nature of the material, a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a plasma polymerization method, a chemical vapor deposition method or a coating method, can be applied. ... 

Oktem, T., Ayhan, H., Seventekin, N., Piskin, E., 2000. Modification of polyester and polyamide fabrics by different in situ plasma polymerization methods. Turk. J. Chem. 24, 275-285. 

As far as black-dyed fabrics are concerned, the blackness of SN-2000 has been manifested its excellent characteristics for a use in the black formal wears, and been modified with coating a resin of low refraction rate besides, this blackness has been by far upgraded by a thin film on the surface, nearly lOOnm thick, which the plasma polymerization method could just feature by this method, SN-2000 successfully provided the coal-blackness which any natural fiber has not ever been able to offer, and has outdone a level of natural fibers. 

Table 7.1 Effect of feed composition on the graft yield of surface modified polyamide membranes using plasma polymerization method at 60X for 2 hours...

Surface Modification. Plasma surface modification can include surface cleaning, surface activation, heat treatments, and plasma polymerization. Surface cleaning and surface activation are usually performed for enhanced joining of materials (see Metal SURFACE TREATMENTS). Plasma heat treatments are not, however, limited to high temperature equiUbrium plasmas on metals. Heat treatments of organic materials are also possible. Plasma polymerization crosses the boundaries between surface modification and materials production by producing materials often not available by any other method. In many cases these new materials can be appHed directly to a substrate, thus modifying the substrate in a novel way. 

In studies of mice, rats, and dogs, diisopropyl methylphosphonate was rapidly absorbed into plasma (Hart 1976). The plasma data indicate that all three species rapidly absorbed diisopropyl methylphosphonate, although the exact rate was species specific. Although no studies were located regarding human absorption, diisopropyl methylphosphonate is also likely to be absorbed rapidly into the plasma of humans. The ability of porous polymeric sorbents, activated carbon, and dialysis to remove diisopropyl methylphosphonate from human plasma has been studied (McPhillips 1983). The grafted butyl-XAD-4 was found to be the most efficient sorbent for the removal of diisopropyl methylphosphonate from human plasma. Hemoperfusion of plasma over synthetic XAD-4 or butyl-XAD-4 sorbent resin was more efficient than dialysis/ultrafiltration for the removal of diisopropyl methylphosphonate from human plasma the smaller surface of the packed resins provided less area to minimize damage to molecular constituents of the plasma. These methods are useful in reducing diisopropyl methylphosphonate concentrations in the plasma. However, since diisopropyl methylphosphonate and its metabolites are not retained by the body, the need for methods to reduce body burden is uncertain. 

K. Nakanishi, H. Muguruma, K. Ikebukuro, and I. Karube, A novel method of immobilizing antibodies on a quartz crystal microbalance using plasma-polymerized films for immunosensors. Anal. Chem. 68, 1695-1700 (1996). 

Yamaguchi M, Kondo I. Immunoelectron microscopy of Proteus vulgaris by the plasma polymerization metal-extraction replica method differential staining of flagellar (H) and somatic (0) antigens by colloidal golds. J Electron Microsc 1989 38 382-388. 

Tanaka A, Sekiguchi Y, Kuroda S. A new replica method for electron microscopic studies of a plasma polymerization film with a glow discharge. Seikagaku 1983 55 1212-1219. (in Japanese)... 

In a previous section, the effect of plasma on PVA surface for pervaporation processes was also mentioned. In fact, plasma treatment is a surface-modification method to control the hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity balance of polymer materials in order to optimize their properties in various domains, such as adhesion, biocompatibility and membrane-separation techniques. Non-porous PVA membranes were prepared by the cast-evaporating method and covered with an allyl alcohol or acrylic acid plasma-polymerized layer the effect of plasma treatment on the increase of PVA membrane surface hydrophobicity was checked [37].The allyl alcohol plasma layer was weakly crosslinked, in contrast to the acrylic acid layer. The best results for the dehydration of ethanol were obtained using allyl alcohol treatment. The selectivity of treated membrane (H20 wt% in the pervaporate in the range 83-92 and a water selectivity, aH2o, of 250 at 25 °C) is higher than that of the non-treated one (aH2o = 19) as well as that of the acrylic acid treated membrane (aH2o = 22). 

Some of the modern surface analysis methods have been used to study the surface chemistry of both plasma etched surfaces and plasma polymerized thin films. Much of this work has involved exposure of these surfaces to air as the samples are transferred from the plasma system to the surface analysis system. However, in a few cases surface analysis has been performed in the plasma system after the plasma gas has been pumped away. This work will be discussed in more detail later in this chapter. 

Despite the fact that germanium is etched at the faster rate for a given set of plasma conditions, it does not become incorporated into the polymer matrix under the conditions of these experiments. This provides a convenient method to prepare films containing no cathode material but are essentially plasma polymerized polytetra-fluoroethylene. The small oxygen signal observed in the ESCA spectrum of this... 

One can remark that plasma polymerization is one of the most promising methods for obtaining the good quality films with broad range of physicochemical properties. 

The introduction of metals into plasma polymers has been the subject of some research during recent years. Basically, three methods have been used (a) Plasma polymerization of organometallic compounds [79,80], (b) Concomitant etching or sputtering of metals [81] and (c) Evaporation of metals into a [82] plasma polymerization system. Munro et aL [83, 84] incorporated mercury into... 

Plasma polymerization of films was first used to form electrical insulation and protective coatings, but a number of workers have also prepared selective membranes by this method [60-63], A simple plasma polymerization apparatus is... 

---