Polyethylene phthalate

Commonly used isocyanates are toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl isocyanate, and polymeric isocyanates. Polyols used are macroglycols based on either polyester or polyether. The former [polyethylene phthalate) or polyethylene 1,6-hexanedioate)] have hydroxyl groups that are free to react with the isocyanate. Most flexible foam is made from 80/20 toluene diisocyanate (which refers to the ratio of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate to 2,6-toluene diisocyanate). High-resilience foam contains about 80% 80/20 toluene diisocyanate and 20% poly(methylene diphenyl isocyanate), while semi-flexible foam is almost always 100% poly(methylene diphenyl isocyanate). Much of the latter reacts by trimerization to form isocyanurate rings. 

Regulatory Approval Mylar M30, M34, andMC2 comply with the Food and Drug Administration regulation 21 CFR 177.1630— Polyethylene phthalate polymers. Sections (f) and... 

Uses Modifier for food-grade polyethylene phthalate polymers... 

Synonyms 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-sulfoethyl ester, sodium salt 2-Sulfoethyl methacrylate, sodium salt Empirical CeHioOsS Na Properties M.w. 217.20 Uses In copolymer food-contact coatings on metal in coatings for paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty foods emulsifier for copolymer coatings on food-grade polyethylene phthalate film Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.300, 175.320, 176.170, 177.1630... 

In rubber industries the term plasticizer is used more frequently to describe the class of materials that includes esters, pine tars and low molecular weight polyethylene. Phthalates are among the most frequently used esters. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) tends to give soft compounds with tack dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is less volatile and tends to produce harder compounds because of its higher molecular weight. Polymeric esters such as polypropylene adipate can also be used when low volatility is needed along with good heat resistance. ... 

Uses In copolymer food-contact coatings on metal in coatings for paper/paper-board in contact with aq./fatty foods emulsifier for copolymer coatings on food-grade polyethylene phthalate film... 

Aortal Aery Me ABS Alkyd Alloy /Blands Barrier Resin CeliAwie Diallyl Phthalates Engineering Plastics Epoxies Fluorepdlymars Liquid Crystal Melamine Nitrile Resins Nylon Phenolic Polyamlde-lmide Polycarbonate polyester Polyethylene Polyimictes Polypropylene Polyurethanes PVC... 

Vinyl polymers [polystyrene, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyacrylonitrile] -1920 Packaging, tubing, household goods, records, carpets, toys, water based paint, adhesives, varnishes Phthalate esters, poly(vinyl alcohol) ... 

Second, dead lambs were smeared with neatsfoot oil (an oil obtained by boiling feet and leg bones of cattle), left with the mother for 2-18 hours and then substituted by neatsfoot oil-treated foster lambs. Here 91% were accepted. The best acceptance rate (100%), however, was achieved by draping the skin of the dead lamb over the alien one. This is the method of choice because it is not only most effective but also saves labor as no treatment is necessaiy (Alexander eta/., 1987). Ewes accept alien lambs if they are rubbed with non-polar oils such as white soft paraffin or liquid paraffin. Polar materials such as polyethylene glycol, glycerol silicone, or diisooctyl phthalate have no effect. Ewes appear to use non-polar volatiles for discrimination (Alexander etal., 1989). 

LDPE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and polyethylene tere-phthalate (PET) [48], completely new areas of application are preferred in which biodegradability is required for admission, such as applications in the medical field [50, 51]. The reason for this is obvious. When new materials enter the market, they are in competition with aheady established materials. In the case of PUB, due to its temperature stability, a competition with poly(olefin)s arises for all applications in which biodegradabUity is not required by law (Fig. 12). 

Polyvinyl chloride can be shaped into clear, soft flexible tubing and sheets with the aid of using plasticizers such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Polyvinyl chloride resins are used for children s toys, automobile seat covers, and for catheters used for intravenous transfusion of blood and nutrients in hospitals and homes. When DEHP was suspected of leaching out of the products, and of being a carcinogen, substitutions were developed with polyvinylacetate and polyethylene. However, these substitutes are not yet totally satisfactory, as they cannot be steam sterilized, and they are not as clear and flexible as PVC. 

Polyesters. Simionescu and coworkers continued their syntheses of heterochain polymers by investigation extensively the hehavior of polyethylene tere-phthalate by the vibromilling in the presence of different monomers. They achieved... 

Although some polymers may be satisfactory when used under the stress of static loads, they may fail when subjected to impact. The impact resistance, or resistance to brittle fracture, is a function of the molecular weight of a polymer. Thus uhmwpe is much more resistant to impact failure than general purpose high-density polyethylene (hdpe). The impact resistance of brittle polymers is also increased by the addition of plasticizers. Thus polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticized by relatively large amounts of dioctyl phthalate, is much less brittle than unplasticized rigid PVC. 

Typical properties of fiberglass-filled alkyds are shown in Table I5.l. These products have good electric (insulative) properties and are moderately resistant to solvents and acids. Polyester fibers, based on polyethylene tere-phthalate (PET), are now the world s leading synthetic fibers. 

Ketoprofen (SIMS), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E5 (HPMC, t =2%, 5mPas, Dow Chemical), glyceryl monostearate (Precirol, Gattefosse), Eudragit E 30 D (Rhom Pharma), Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400, Merck) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP, Ambrochim) were used directly without any prior purification. 

Abbreviations. BZC, benzalkonium chloride PS, potassium sorbate CDs, cyclodextrins HP-fS-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate PEG, polyethylene glycol P-407, poloxamer 407 PVAP, poly vinylacetate phthalate. 

Abbreviations. PEG, polyethylene glycol HPMCP, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate Y, Yes. 

In starting a residue analysis in foods, the choice of proper vials for sample preparation is very important. Available vials are made of either glass or polymeric materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene. The choice of the proper material depends strongly on the physicochemical properties of the analyte. For a number of compounds that have the tendency to irreversible adsorption onto glass surfaces, the polymer-based vials are obviously the best choice. However, the surface of the polymer-based vials may contain phthalates or plasticizers that can dissolve in certain solvents and may interfere with the identification of analytes. When using dichloromethane, for example, phthalates may be the reason for the appearance of a series of unexpected peaks in the mass spectra of the samples. Plasticizers, on the other hand, fluoresce and may interfere with the detection of fluorescence analytes. Thus, for handling of troublesome analytes, use of vials made of polytetrafluoroethylene is recommended. This material does not contain any plasticizers or organic acids, can withstand temperatures up to 500 K, and lacks active sites that could adsorb polar compounds on its surface. 

HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HNS NTO NTO/HMX NTO/HMX NTO/HMX PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX TATB/HMX Cariflex (thermoplastic elastomer) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Hydroxy-terminated polyester Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester resin-styrene Polyethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl) alcohol Poly(vinyl) butyral resin Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Estane (polyester polyurethane copolymer) Hytemp (thermoplastic elastomer) Butyl rubber with acetyl tributylcitrate Epoxy resin-diethylenetriamine Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Latex with bis-(2-ethylhexyl adipate) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester and styrene copolymer Poly(ethyl acrylate) with dibutyl phthalate Silicone rubber Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Epoxy ether Exon (polychlorotrifluoroethylene/vinylidine chloride) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) Nylon (polyamide) Nylon and aluminium Nitro-fluoroalkyl epoxides Polyacrylate and paraffin Polyamide resin Polyisobutylene/Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Polyester Polystyrene Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene)... 

Most polyesters (qv) are based on phthalates. They are referred to as aromatic-aliphatic or aromatic according to the copolymerized diol. Thus polyethylene terephthalate) [25038-59-9] (PET), poly(butyelene terephthalate) [24968-12-5] (PBT), and related polymers are termed aromatic-aliphatic polyester resins, whereas poly(bisphenol A phthalate)s are called aromatic polyester resins or polyarylates PET and PBT resins are the largest volume aromatic-aliphatic products. Other aromatic-aliphatic polyesters (65) include Eastman Kodak s Kodar resin, which is a PET resin modified with isophthalate and dimethylolcyclohexane. Polyarylate resins are lower volume specialty resins for high temperature (HDT) end uses (see HEAT-RESISTANT polymers). 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

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