Stress plant

Ryan, C.A., Bishop, P.D., Walker-Simmons, M., Brown, W. Graham, J. (1985). The role of pectic fragments of the plant cell wall in response to biological stresses. In Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress, ed. J.L. Key T. Kosuge, pp. 319-34. New York Alan R. Liss. 

Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress, ed. J.L. Key and T. Kosuge, pp. 247-62. New York Academic Press. 

Flores, H.E. Galston, A.W. (1982). Polyamine and plant stress activation of putrescine biosynthesis by osmotic shock. Science, 217, 1259-60. 

Surprisingly, very little physiological work has been done to understand the nature and processes of plant recovery from extreme drought stress, especially in relation to plant production (Chapter 7). In order for the plant to recover properly from severe water stress, its various meristems must survive. The association between severe plant stress and the factors that affect meristem survival and function upon rehydration are unclear though osmoregulation may have a possible protective role and as a potential source of carbon for recovery. Active plant apices generally excel in osmoregulation and do not lose much water upon plant dehydration (Barlow, Munns Brady, 1980). 

Material required Intact leaves and Portable Plant Stress Meter (BioMonitor S.C.I.AB, Sweden). 

CUSHMANN, J.C., BOHNERT, H.J., Genomic approaches to plant stress tolerance, Cur. Opin Plant Biol., 2000,3,117-124. 

Renaud PE, Hay ME, Schmitt TM (1990) Interactions of plant stress and herbivory intraspecific variation in the susceptibility of a palatable versus an unpalatable seaweed to sea urchin grazing. Oecologia 82 217-226... 

Clockwise from top left) Plant problems Pea plants stressed by drought and heat leaf yellowing between the veins, a common symptom of mineral deficiency red currant bush with most of its leaves stripped to skeletons by the pest gooseberry sawfly the fungal disease potato blight... 

Larkin injected several peroxidases at 0.1-10 ppm into one-half of a tobacco leaf and found some protection. He suggested that peroxidase, which is often associated with plant stress conditions, may be important in physiologic resistance. It is doubtful that any one mechanism of action exists. It is important that we understand the mechanism of ozone injury and resistance in plants, so that we can determine better what chemicals may play a role in protecting plants against oxidants. 

Mulches may reduce certain pest problems, but can increase others. Mulches reduce plant stress, prevent weed growth and maintain soil moisture. 

Microbial mutagenesis Cytotoxicity Fish acute toxicity Algal bioassay Soil microcosm Plant stress ethylene... 

Two bioassays are employed to evaluate the effect of samples on terrestrial life forms. For gas samples, the plant stress ethylene test is presently recommended. This test is based on the well-known plant response to environmental stress release of elevated levels of ethylene (under normal conditions plants produce low levels of ethylene). The test is designed to expose plants to various levels of gaseous effluents under controlled conditions. The ethylene released during a set time period is then measured by gas chromatography to determine toxicity of the effluent. For liquid and solid samples, a soil microcosm test is employed. The sample is introduced on the surface of a 5 cm diameter by 5 cm deep plug of soil obtained from a representative ecosystem. Evolution of carbon dioxide, transport of calcium, and dissolved oxygen content of the leachate are the primary quantifying parameters. 

In "Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress" Key, J.L. Kosuge, T., Lisa New York, 1985 ... 

Chalker-Scott, L., Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses, Photo-chem. PhotobioL, 70, 1, 1999. 

Welti, R., Li, W., Li, M., Sang, Y., Biesiada, H., Zhou, H. -E., Rajashekar, C. B., Williams, T. D., Wang, X. (2002). Profiling membrane lipids in plant stress responses. Role of phospholipase Da in freezing-induced lipid changes in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277,31994-32002. 

Host plant preferences of insect pests are often Influenced by environmental conditions. The effects of plant stress on susceptibility to Insect attack have been obseirved in many crop plants. Stress factors affecting the physiological state of the plant Include drought, disease, chemical pollutants, and high salt concentrations. Profound... 

---