Iron nutrition

K. Venkat Raju, H. Marschner, and V. Riimheld, Effect of iron nutritional. status on iron uptake, substrate pH and production and release of organic acids and riboflavin by sunflower plants. Z. Pflanzenerenaehr. Bodenk. I32 ll (1972). 

A. Walter, A. Pich, G. Scholz, H. Marschner, and V. Romheld, Effects of iron nutritional status and time of day on concentrations of phytosiderophores and nico-tianamine in different root and shoot zones of barley. J. Plant Nutr. 18 1511 (1995). 

K. Kanazawa, T. Ohata, G. Miha,shi, S. Fushiya, N. Nishizawa, M. Chino, and S. Mori, Inductions of two enzyme activities involved in biosynthesis of mugineic acid in Fe deficient barley roots. Iron Nutrition in Soils and Plants (J. Abadia ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995, p. 37. 

Figure 1 Proposed role of humic substances on iron nutrition of plants possessing dif fereni strategies for iron acquisition. WEHS, water-extractable humic substances, as described in the text.

Statistical analysis of the microbial communities associated with the root tips of iron stressed and nonstressed plants revealed the formation of distinct communities in response to plant iron nutritional status (Fig. 5B and C). Communities associated with the older root parts clustered similarly, whereas sites of lateral root emergence and nongrowing root tips differentiated to a lesser degree than the communities associated with the rapidly growing primary root tips (data not shown). 

U. Schwertmann, Solubility and dissolution of iron oxides. Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants (Y. Chen and Y. Hadar, eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1990, pp,. 7-28. 

A. Walter, V. Romheld, H. Marshner, and D. E. Crowley, Iron nutrition of cucumber and maize —effect of Pseudomonas putida YC-3 and its siderophore.. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26 1023 (1994). 

H. Marschner, V. Romheld, and M. Kissel, Localization of phytosiderophore release and of iron uptake along intact barley roots. Physiol. Planta. 77 157 (1987). V. Romheld, The role of phytosiderophores for acquisition of iron and other micronutrients in graminaceous species An Ecological Approach Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants (Y Chen and Y Hadar, eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1991, pp. 159-166. 

P. Marschner, D. E. Crowley, and B. Sattelmaeher, Root colonization and iron nutritional status of a Pseudomonas fluore.scens in different plant species. Plant Soil 796 311 (1997). 

General mineral nutrition status improvement for the host plant has been studied frequently to understand the roles of endophytic fungi. Iron nutrition, however, has been studied only occasionally. P. fortinii strains obtained from Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abies, and Carex curvula (the last a monocotyledonous plant) were found to produce the cyclic hexapeptide siderophores ferricrocin (73), ferrirubin (74) and ferrichrome C (75). The concentration and pattern of siderophore production was dependent on ferric ion concentration, pH of the medium, and the strain of endophyte. 

L. L. Barton and J. Abadia, Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006, p. 477. 

Mizuno, D., Higuchi, K., Sakamoto, T., Nakanishi, H., Mori, S. and Nishizawa, N. 2003. Three nicotianamine synthase genes isolated from maize are differentially regulated by iron nutritional stams. Plant and Cell Physiology, 44 S148-S148. 

Granger, J., and N. M. Price. 1999. The importance of siderophores in iron nutrition of hetero-trophic marine bacteria. Limnology and Oceanography 45 541-555. 

Cesco, S., Varanini, Z., and Pinton, R. (2006). Use of Fe complexed to water solubile humic substances by dicotiledonous plants Mechanisms and efficiency. In 13th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interaction in Plants, Montpellier, France, Sl-O-4, p. 25. 

Crowley, D. E. (2006). Microbial siderophores in the plant rhizosphere. In Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Micreoorganisms, Barton, L. L., and Abadia, J., eds., Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht,The Netherlands, pp. 169-198. 

An understanding of the basic physiology, biochemistry, genetics, and nutrient element interactions involved in iron nutrition will contribute tremendously to our understanding of pertinent biological processes. 

Stable Isotope Techniques. Although the availability of radioiron isotopes has facilitated our understanding of iron nutrition, their utilization is becoming restricted for safety and ethical reasons, especially when infants, children, and women are involved. The availability of enriched stable iron isotopes (Table I) and methodologies for quantifying them make stable isotopes a feasible alternative to radioisotopes as biological tracers. Neutron activation analysis and mass spectrometry are currently available to nutritionists for quantifying stable isotopes of minerals. 

Rueter, J., Hutchins, D. A., Smith, R., and Unsworth, N. (1992). Iron nutrition of Trichodesmium. In Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Other Diazotrophs (Carpenter, E. J., Capone, D. G., and Rueter, J., eds.). Klumer Academic, Boston, Mass. pp. 289-306. 

Morel, F. M. M., Rueter, J. G., Price, N. M. (1991). Iron nutrition of phytoplankton and its possible importance in the ecology of the ocean regions with high nutrient and low biomass. Oceanography 4, 56-61. 

Kudo I. and Harrison P. J. (1997) Effect of iron nutrition on the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus grown on different N sources and irradiances. J. Phycol. 33, 232-240. 

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