Abies alba

Abies alba Mill., the silver fir, is an important forest tree in Enrope. Its size—it is the tallest on the continent—and quality of wood have attracted attention since early... 

Lang, K. J. 1994. Abies alba Mill., differentiation of provenances and provenance groups by the monoterpene patterns in the cortex resin of twigs. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22 53-63. 

Figure 8 shows the 180/160 ratio for a Bavarian fir, Abies alba, the rings of which were counted by Becker and Siebenlist [36], compared with temperature records made near where the tree grew, both coming from 1000 meters altitude on the north slopes of the Alps. This is mountainous country so that local differences in temperature may be expected. 

Six male specific compounds were isolated from the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, and the same compounds plus two additional compounds were isolated from males of Aphthona flava, A. czwalinae, and A. cyparissiae. Three of the compounds were identified as (-F)-i r-himachalene, (-F)- ra w-a-himachalene (-F)-y-cadinene. Two other compounds were identified as new enantiomers of himachalene hydrocarbons that were previously identified from the fir trees, Abies alba and Abies nordmanniana. Finally, there were two himachalene alcohols and one nonsesquiterpene ketone that is a himachalene analog that were identified. The chemical and electrophysiological patterns are consistent with, but do not prove, a pheromonal function. 

General mineral nutrition status improvement for the host plant has been studied frequently to understand the roles of endophytic fungi. Iron nutrition, however, has been studied only occasionally. P. fortinii strains obtained from Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abies, and Carex curvula (the last a monocotyledonous plant) were found to produce the cyclic hexapeptide siderophores ferricrocin (73), ferrirubin (74) and ferrichrome C (75). The concentration and pattern of siderophore production was dependent on ferric ion concentration, pH of the medium, and the strain of endophyte. 

Abies alba Mill. Abies sibirica Ledeb.) Pinaceae,... 

European silver fir oil is produced in central Europe by steam distillation of needle-bearing twigs of Abies alba Mill. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pleasant odor of freshly cut fir needles. 

Silver fir cone oil (templin oil) obtained from the cones of Abies alba Mill, has similar properties. 

Silver fir, European Abies alba MUl. Esters calculated as bornyl acetate (4-10)... 

Morphological changes were also observed on callus of Pinus laricio cultured for 4 weeks with HS extracted from forest soil under Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica plantation or the hormones 2,4D, IAA, and 6BAP (Muscolo et al., 2005).The results showed that both high- and low-molecular-weight humic fractions inhibited callus growth compared to the control and affected the enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. 

Collection of volatiles from males feeding on pieces of cabbage revealed a blend of six male-specific sesquiterpenes, including hydrocarbons 24-28 and ketone 29, shown in Figure 19.5 (Bartelt et al., 2001). Compound 24 was the most abundant. One or more of these were thought likely to account for the pheromonal activity reported earlier. Hydrocarbon 28 [(+)-v-cadincnc is known from citronella oil (Herout and Sykora, 1958), but structures 24-27 and 29 were new. The opposite enantiomers of hydrocarbons 24 and 25 were previously isolated from the trees Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) and silver fir (Abies alba) (Bartelt et al., 2001 Khan and Pentegova, 1988 Khan et al., 1989), and the opposite enantiomer of 27, known as ar-himachalene, is found in Himalayan cedar (Pandey and Dev, 1968). Neither compound 26 nor its enantiomer were known from nature, but... 

Borneol acetate) Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), Abies alba, ... 

Abies alba (Pinaceae), Citrus aurantium, C. limonum (peel, Lemon oil) (Rutaceae) [flower] irritant, sedative]... 

A short efficient synthesis of cycloartenol from 3j8-acetoxylanost-24-en-ll/8-yl nitrite has been achieved. Irradiation of the nitrite in carbon tetrachloride solution in the presence of oxygen afforded the nitrate ester (30) which was converted into cycloartenol via the olefin (31) and the mesylate (32). The structure of abietospiran (33), the main component of the crystalline coating which is responsible for the silver-grey colour of the bark of Abies alba, has been... 

PROP Colorless to pale-yellow oil from the steam distillation of the crushed cones of Abies Alba Mill (FCTXAV 12,807,74). 

SYNS OIL OF ABIES ALBA OIL OF FUR OIL OF SILVER FIR OIL OF SILVER PINE SILVER FIR NEEDLE OIL SILVER FIR OIL SILVER PINE OIL TEMPLIN OIL... 

The first damages outside the industrial areas were observed on Silver fir (Abies alba Mill). That species had already become extinct in the Erzgebirge in the Thirties. Forty years later the decline was obvious from Poland to France, that means all over most natural stands and artificial plantations in Europe. 

Gourbiere F. (1982) White rot of Abies-alba mill litter 1. Modification of litter during the activity of basidiomycetes of the genus collybia. Revue D Ecologie Ft De Biologic Du Sol 19(2), 163-175. 

Rutigliano F. A., Alfani A., Bellini L., and De Santo A. V. (1998) Nutrient dynamics in decaying leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. and needles of Abies alba Mill. Biol. Fertility Soils 21(2), 119-126. 

Recent studies have shown that the insect juvenile hormone analogues juvabione (87) and derivatives (88)—(90), produced by Abies alba, occur in 4R,VR and 4R,1 S diastereomeric forms. It has been suggested that these sesquiterpenoids (c/. Vol. 8, p. 67) may be of value in chemosystematic studies of... 

In Belgium, the first damages were observed and recognized in our eastern forests of Hertogenwald and Eifel, near the German border. These forests contain mainly Norways spruce fPicea abies (L.) Karst) and some Silver fir (Abies alba. Mille) and Common beech (Fagus silvestris L.). 

Maltol 3-Hydroxy-2 methyl-4H pyran-4-one 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-py rone 3-hydroxy-2-methyl- y-py-rone larixinic acid Palatone Veltol. C6H603 mol wt 126,11. C 57.14%, H 4.80%, O 38.06%. Found in the bark of young larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.) in pine needles (Abies alba Mill., Pinaoeae), in chicory, in wood tars and oils, in roasted malt. Isoln from these sources and structure Kiliani, Bazlen, Ber. 27, 3115 (1894) Feuerstein, Ber. 34r 1804 (1901) Erdmann, Schaefer, Ber. 43, 2398 (1910) Reichstein. Be it ter, Ber. 63, 824 (1930) cf. Pera toner, Tam-burelic, Chem. Zentr. 76, 11 680 (1905). Also obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of streptomycin salts Schenck, Spiel -... 

OH nf Fir. Oil of silver pine oil of silver fir. Volatile oil from needles and young twigs of Abies alba Mill. (A. picea Lindl., A pectinata DC,), Pinaceae, Constit f-Pinene, i-]imonene, i-borny] acetate. 

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