Betula pubescens

Pokhilo, N.D., Makhenev, A.K., Demenkova, L.I. and Uvarova, N.I. (1990). Composition of the triterpene fraction of outer bark extracts of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens (in Russian). Khimiya Drevesiny 6 74-77. 

Zaman, A., Alen, R. and Kotilainen, R. (2000) Thermal behaviour of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pubescens) at 200-230 deg C. Wood and Fiber Science, 32(2), 138-143. 

Klemola A (1968) Investigation of birchwood (Betula pubescens) lignin degraded by steam hydrolysis Suom Kemistil B41 166-180... 

BIRCH LEAF, Betulae folium The drug consists of the dried leaves of Betula, pendula, Roth, and Betula, pubescens, Ehrh., family Betulaceae. The leaves have a weak aromatic smell and light bitter taste. They contain about 2% flavone-glycosides as hyperoside and quercitrin and also about 0.5% ascorbic acid. The diuretic and saluretic effect has been verified in animal experiments and may be due to potassium in the leaves. 

Ossipov, V. Nurmi, K. Loponen, J. Haukioja, E. Pihlaja, K. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and identification of phenolic compounds from leaves of Betula pubescens and Betula perubda. J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 721, 59-68. 

E. Hiltunen, K. Mononen, L. Alvila and T. T. Pakkanen, Discolouration of Birch Wood Analysis of Extractives from Discolored Surface of Vacuum-Dried European White Birch (Betula pubescens) Board , Wood Sci. TechnoL, 2008, 42, 103. 

Natural materials can be affected by all three types of IFRA standards standard prohibition of the use of a material restriction of the use of the material or purity requirements for its use or a combination of standards. Furthermore, natural ingredients can be indirectly limited via the limitation of their constituents. For example. Fig leaf Ficus car-ica, has been prohibited because of its phototoxic and sensitizing properties. Birch wood pyrolysate (birch tar oil) is a fragrance ingredient from the destructive distillation of the wood or bark of Betula pubescens, B. pendula, or B. alba. It has a smokey burnt wood leathery note and may be used only if the oil has been purified (rectifed) to reduce the... 

One of aromatic degradation products in the steam hydrolysis residue of birchwood (Betula pubescens) [7419]. 

Silver birch Betula pendula, B. pubescens, B. nana, B. alleghaniensis, B. populifolia, B. papyriferia, B. lenta Tannins... 

The dominant species are the spruce (Picea excelsa), the birch (Betula verrucosa, B. pubescens), the aspen (Populus tremula), and the alder (Aims incana). The moss and low bush layer is represented by the blueberry-bush (Vaccinium myrtiilus), hypnic mosses, separate species of cowberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and flowering plants. The biomass of these Spruce Forest ecosystems reaches 10 ton/ha at the age of 100-150 years (Table 4). 

Birch leaves Betula pendula ROTH B. pubescen.s EHRHART Betulaceae... 

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