PINE BARK, WHITE

Further work in Canada to produce rigid wet-process insulation boards from a bark-wood mixture was reported by Branion in 1961 (36). He made boards containing 85% poplar wood and 15% white spruce bark a few boards were made with added poplar or jack pine bark. White spruce bark worked best it appeared to cause a significant increase in tensile strength compared to boards made from 100% poplar wood fiber. This effect also was demonstrated in a hardboard. Other boards were made with up to 80% bark. Water absorption decreased as bark content increased. An effort was made to discover the bark ingredient responsible for the strength increase. After a series of extractions, the active component was concluded to be present in the holocellulose. 

Pineapple ketone. See 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H) furanone Pine balsam. See Turpentine Pine bark, white. See Pine (Pinus strobus) bark Pine gum. See Turpentine Pine lignin CAS 37203-80-8 Synonyms Kraft pine lignin Properties Anionic... 

Synonyms Pine bark, white Pine, white, bark Pinus strobus Pinus strobus bark White pine bark... 

Catechin is among the principal polyphenolic monomers in white fir and western hemlock barks (10 JJLtJ ) Quercitin occurs in ponderosa pine bark, while dihydroquercitin is found in Douglas fir bark (16 17). The structure of these compounds are as follows ... 

The purified pine bark tannin was obtained in the following manner. The phloem of freshly felled loblolly pine trees was removed by carefully peeling the outer bark away at the cork cambium and then peeling the white phloem from the xylem cambium. Strips of phloem were cut into sections of about 2 to 5 in2 and immediately immersed in acetone-water (70 30, v/v). The extraction flasks were kept at ambient temperature, protected from exposure to light, for 48 hr, after which the solvent was recovered by filtration. The acetone was removed under vacuum on a rotary evaporator, and the aqueous solution was extracted four times with an approximately equal volume of ethyl acetate to remove low molecular weight phenolics. The remaining water-soluble extract was freeze-dried. Aliquots (about 50 gm) were redissolved in methanol-water (1 1, v/v), and the solutions were applied to 2.4 X 90 cm Sephadex LH-20 columns packed in this same solvent. The columns were eluted with methanol-water until no more colored material was eluted. The condensed tannin polymers absorbed... 

Bark damaged leaves yellowish. Causes Beetles weevils pine bark adelgids. A wide variety of pests attack the bark of pines. Beetles and weevils make small holes in the trunk where they bore through the bark and tunnel underneath. Pine bark adelgids are small, cottony, white insects that congregate on the bark of the trunk and limbs. 

Several combination products contain coltsfoot. Hormone Rejuvenator is a capsule containing bilberry bark, cascara sagrada, chamomile, chickweed, coltsfoot, comfrey root, dandelion root, golden seal root, hyssop, juniper berries, licorice root, and wild cherry bark. Respiratory Rejuvenator contains pleurisy root, horehound, lobelia, fenugreek, eucalyptus, coltsfoot, comfrey, mullein, lady slipper, marshmallow, white pine bark, myrrh, and hyssop. Alvita Teas, Herb Pharm, and Nature s Answer are all manufacturers that provide coltsfoot products. 

Wood wastes do sometimes contain substances that are toxic to plants. In the studies with the 28 species of trees, Allison (1965) reported that most of the woods and barks were not toxic, but California incense cedar and white pine bark were very toxic to garden peas even at the rates of 1 and 2% added to soil in the presence of adequate nitrogen and lime. The woods of red cedar, Ponderosa pine, and loblolly pine, and the barks of California incense cedar and yellow poplar were slightly toxic at the 2-4% rates. The toxicity symptoms usually decreased with time during the two- to three-month period following addition to the soil. There have also been reports that a few other woods, such as walnut, hemlock, fir, and balsam are sometimes, but not always, toxic. Toxicity seems to vary with the age of the tree, and is also dependent upon the quantity added and the test plant. Decomposition time curves, reported by Allison, indicate that it is not uncommon for wood products to slightly retard early decomposition, apparently until the toxic materials disappear. The chemical nature of any toxic products present is not known with certainty but some investigators have attributed the toxicity to resins, turpentine and tannins. 

White petrolatum. See Petrolatum White phosphorus White phosphorus amorphous, yellow. See Phosphorus, yellow White pine bark. See Pine (Pinus strobus) bark White pine oil. See Pine (Pinus palustris) oil White powder. See Calcium monocarbonate White precipitate. See Mercury ammonium chloride... 

Conner A H, Nagasampagi B A, Rowe J W 1980 Terpenoid and other extractives of western white pine bark. Phytochemistry 19 1121-1131... 

Nickles W C, Rowe J W 1962 Chemistry of western white pine bark. For Prod J 12 374-376... 

White pine bark has been reported to have expectorant, demulcent, and diuretic properties (CLAUS wren). 

White pine bark, WTiite Pine Compound, and their extracts both were formerly official in N.F Strengths (see glossary) of extracts are expressed in weight-to-weight ratios. 

Regulatory Status. White pine bark has been approved for use in alcoholic beverages only ( 172.510). Oil of pine (P. sylvestris and other... 

The bark beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) is the most significant insect pest of western white pine. Bark beetles kill groups of mostly mature trees weakened by blister mst (Fumiss and Carolin, 1977). 

This paper is a report on preliminary studies evaluating the suitability of bark extracts from four West Coast softwood species as bonding agents for particleboard. The barks investigated include white fir (Abies concolor), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) ... 

One year later, Burrows published results from a comprehensive series of experiments using 100% Douglas-fir bark as furnish for particleboard (35). No binder was used he relied upon the "self-bonding" properties of Douglas-fir bark. Variables included bark particle size, mat moisture content, pressing pressure, and use of various overlays. Additional boards were made from ponderosa pine, western hemlock, and white fir barks. A pilot-plant-size run was made using results gathered from the study. 

Renewed interest in bark particleboard was evidenced by a short article written by Murphey and Rishel (39). They reported results of preliminary studies on relative strengths of various bark species compared to aspen flakeboard. Bark species included aspen, black locust, green oak, white pine, oak and locust, poplar, red oak, and mixed oak. Overlaying was suggested as a means of increasing bending strengths. 

---