Pine, jack

Lake states jack pine and red pine white pine and tamarack red oak, aspen, and maple birch... 

White-red-jack pine 2 -90 10% from aspen trees... 

Two reindeer-moss species (Cladonla rangiferlna L. and Cladonla alpestrls L.) decreased P0 concentration in jack pine (Pinus bankslana Lamb.) and white spruce (Plcea glauca Moench)... 

In addition, C. rangiferlna decreased N concentration of the jack pine. However, K+, Ca +, and Mg + concentrations in both receivers were not altered by either donor. Although mycorrhizae were associated with receiver plants in all the treatments, the authors concluded that impairment of either mycorrhizal function in absorbing P0 or P0 translocation in the receiver was responsible for decreased P0 uptake. They suggested that allelopathy might be responsible. 

R MI, Wexford Co. sandy soil under jack pine. 10 30 20 20 0 20 20... 

Even that kind of information is not available for forest species. Other than chronic injury to white pine (associated with ozone, sulfur dioxide, and their mixtures), no clearly defined examples of chronic injury from ozone have been reported for eastern forests, and no information is available on PAN. It is of interest that both Virginia and jack pine appear more sensitive than white pine to acute ozone exposures, but chronic symptoms have not been observed in either species. The relationship between oxidant dose and injury in the San Bernardino Mountains area suggests that ponderosa pine is moderately to severely injured in areas that receive oxidant at above 0.08 ppm for 12-13 h each day (Chapter 12). Ponderosa pine seems to be the most sensitive western pine, but in some areas Jeffrey pine is about as sensitive. White fir, incense cedar, and sugar pine all appear more tolerant, even to the high oxidant concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains. PAN may play some role in the chronic responses noted in the western forest species, particularly by broadleaf deciduous trees and some shrubs. 

Higher concentrations of ozone in the forested areas of the eastern United States would undoubtedly cause greater injury to eastern white pine and other forest species. Chapter 11 reports additional studies that suggested that other conifer species, in particular Virginia pine and jack pine, may be more sensitive to ozone than eastern white pine. In addition, there is a synergistic interaction between low concentrations of ozone and sulfur dioxide that is the cause of the chlorotic dwarf disease... 

Reindeer lichen Phenolics Jack pine and white... 

Allelopathic interactions may occur throughout the life of a stand, but are most commonly observed during reforestation or regeneration. Allelopathy prevents some tree species from regenerating, but most regenerate in spite of it. The allelopathic plants of abandoned fields are not common forest species. In contrast, however, Douglas-fir, jack pine, black and white spruce, wild cherry, and slash and loblolly pine seedlings appear to be inhibited by species common in the forest. In such cases... 

Further work in Canada to produce rigid wet-process insulation boards from a bark-wood mixture was reported by Branion in 1961 (36). He made boards containing 85% poplar wood and 15% white spruce bark a few boards were made with added poplar or jack pine bark. White spruce bark worked best it appeared to cause a significant increase in tensile strength compared to boards made from 100% poplar wood fiber. This effect also was demonstrated in a hardboard. Other boards were made with up to 80% bark. Water absorption decreased as bark content increased. An effort was made to discover the bark ingredient responsible for the strength increase. After a series of extractions, the active component was concluded to be present in the holocellulose. 

Jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) S (11E) tetradec-11-enyl acetate F (11Z) tetradec-11-enyl acetate %... 

Table I. Effect of Overstory Plants on Germination and Establishment of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)a...

Prescott C. E., KishchukB. E., and Weetman G. F. (1995) Long term effects of repeated N fertihzation and straw application in a jack pine forest 3. Nitrogen availabihty in the forest floor. Can. J. Forest Res. 25, 1991-1996. 

Two studies have attempted to use fluorescence to distinguish different wood species. Sum et al. [189] measured the fluorescence emission spectra excited at 308 nm in the heartwood and sapwood of jack pine (Pinus banksiana), white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Very broad emission between 400 and 600 nm occurs for all these species. Pandey et al. [190] examined the fluorescence of several tropical hardwoods. The fluorescence spectra of the wood extracts were highly dependent on the excitation wavelength, while those of dry solid woods were not. 

Some idea of the future trend of methylation analysis can, perhaps, be gained from the work of Perila and Bishop, who have used the method to study oligosaccharides obtained by the enzymic hydrolysis of jack-pine mannan. The oligosaccharides (0.5-2.0 mg.) were methylated by the Kuhn procedure, refluxed with methanolic hydrogen chloride, and the resulting methyl 0-methylglycosides analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography. 

Naturally Occurring Substances.— Tall oil, obtained as a by-product of pulping conifer wood chips, contains a mixture of fatty and diterpenoid resin acids and neutral compounds. The latter include" pimara-8(14),15-diene-3/S,18-diol, abieta-8,ll,13-triene-15,18-diol, 19-hydroxy-15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17)-en-13-one, 8,13i8-epoxylabd-14-en-6a-ol (6a-hydroxy-13-epimanoyl oxide), and the 9,10-secoabietatriene (41). The latter was also isolated from the bark of the jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and western white pine (P. monticola). A range of 7-monohydroxy, 1,7- and 1,11-dihydroxy-, and 1,7,11-trihydroxy-sandaraco-pimaradienes and their acetates (42) have been obtained" from Zexmenia (Compositae) species. The l,ll-diacetoxy-7-ketone and 6,7-epoxide were also isolated. 

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