Spruce, white

SPRUCE, blue P. pungens Engelm.) SPRUCE, Norway P. abies [L.] Karst.) SPRUCE, white P. glauca [Moench.]... 

Some animals process plants to reduce defense compounds even before eating. The meadow vole M. pennsylvanicus cuts winter branches of white spruce, Norway spruce, white pine, and Norway pine and leaves them on the snow for 2-3 days before eating them. This reduces the levels of condensed tannins and other phenolics by one half, to their summer levels. A high level of protein 12%) and reduced phenolics (1.5% of dry matter) now render the food acceptable. It is not clear how the phenolics are being lost, possibly by polymerization or oxidation (Roy and Bergeron, 1990b). 

Silver, cast-hammered 10.4-10.6 656 Spruce, white, red 0.45 28 Earth, ary, loose 1.2 76... 

Ho, R.H. 1991. A guide to pollen- and seed-cone morphology of black spruce, white spruce, jack pine and eastern white pine for controlled pollination. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute. 31 pp. 

The value of spruce-oil chemistry in sorting out problems of hybridization and introgression—major factors in Picea taxonomy—was succinctly summarized by von Rudloff who defined three situations (1) Terpene variation is limited such that it is not possible to use these characters in studies of introgression this is the case in eastern North America where the ranges of black spruce and red spruce overlap. (2) Sufficient variation in terpene profiles exists for the compounds to be useful markers in systematic studies as seen in white spruce. Brewer s spruce, and Sitka spruce. (3) Tree-to-tree variation in terpene content is so variable that use in che-mosystematic studies is precluded, or at least requires very large sample sizes for statistical reliability, as seen with Engelmann s spruce. 

The overall usefulness of terpene data for defining geographical races is shown in the comparison of profiles of eastern and western white spruce (see von Rudloff, 1975, for specific citations). Leaf oil analysis revealed consistent differences in... 

Most plant species are able to absorb and assimilate nitrate, ammonium, urea, and amino acids as nitrogen sources, but the response to a particular form of nitrogen varies from species to species (114). For example, optimal growth of tomato roots occurs in soil with a ratio of nitrate to ammonium of 3 1 and is inhibited if the ammonium concentration is too high (115). By contrast, white spruce has a strong preference for ammonium (116), whereas some arctic sedges prefer amino acids (117). 

Two reindeer-moss species (Cladonla rangiferlna L. and Cladonla alpestrls L.) decreased P0 concentration in jack pine (Pinus bankslana Lamb.) and white spruce (Plcea glauca Moench)... 

Consequently, and in order to have a material which could be compared with spruce native lignin, sound samples of the softwood, white Scots pine, were infected with the brown rot"... 

Table 5- Comparison of the Native and Enzymatically Liberated Lignins from White Scots Pine with Spruce Native Lignin (99).

Spruce Native Lignins White Scots Pine Native White Scots Pine Liberated... 

The band at 280 mp persists in spite of such alterations in the molecule as are caused by inethylation, acetylation and treatment with sodium hydroxide. However, the absorption of the phenylhydrazones of spruce (33) and white Scots pine native lignins 111) are peculiar in that a second maximum occurs at 352 mp. Glading (33) suggests that the carbonyl group in spruce native lignin is highly enolized, and, therefore,... 

Recently, after screening 35 cultures of white rot fungi, Pelczar and co-workers (89) have claimed that Polyporus abietinus and Porta subacida could be adapted to utilize spruce native lignin as its sole carbon source. This was reported after growing the cultures on a spruce... 

White spruce, Picea alba Arsenic-contaminated soil ... 

Hodson MJ, Sangster AG. Mineral deposition in the needles of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss]. Ann Bot 1998 82 375-385. 

White spruce Picea glauca J stages Snowshoe hare Camphor Sinclair etfll., 1988... 

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