Dendroctonus bark beetle

The cases where terpene metabolism has been studied In Insects are very few Indeed. Certain Ips and Dendroctonus bark beetles convert monoterpenes such as a-plnene, 6-plnene and myr-cene to oxidation products, some of which have pheromonal activities ( 5, 3A, 35). A Dendroc tonus bark beetle s cytochrome... 

Mori K. (1976) Synthesis of optically pure (+Hr[Pg.194]

Renwick J. A. A., Hughes P. R. and Vite J. P. (1975) The aggregation pheromone system of a Dendroctonus bark beetle in Guatemala. J. Insect Physiol. 21, 1097-1100. 

SMITH, R.H., Toxicity of pine resin vapors to three species of Dendroctonus bark beetles, y Econ. Entomol, 1963, 56, 827-831. 

Mori, K. Stereoselective synthesis of ( )-e Jo-brevicomin, a pheromone inhibitor produced by Dendroctonus bark beetles. Agric. Biol. Chem. 40, 2499—2500 (1976). 

Pimentel, D. Hokkanen, H. In Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles Kulhavy, E. L. Miller, M. C., Eds. Center for Applied Studies, School of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, Texas, 1989. 

Evidence for de novo synthesis of pheromone components was obtained by showing that labeled acetate and mevalonate were incorporated into ipsdienol by male Ips pini [103,104]. Similarly, labeled acetate and other labeled intermediates were shown to be incorporated into frontalin in a number of Dendroctonus species [105]. Possible precursors to frontalin include 6-methyl-6-hep-ten-2-one, which was incorporated into frontalin by D. ruffipennis [106]. The precursor 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one also was shown to be converted to bre-vicomin in the bark beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae [107]. In addition, the expression patterns of HMG-CoA reductase and HMG-CoA synthase are tightly correlated with frontalin production in Dendroctonus jeffreyi [108, 109]. A geranyl diphosphate synthase cDNA from I. pini was also isolated, functionally expressed, and modeled [110]. These data indicate that the de novo isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway is present in bark beetles. A variety of other monoterpene alcohols such as myrcenol, pityol, and sulcitol are probably synthesized through similar pathways [111]... 

Is of serious concern. The role of chemical communication, in relation to proposed control tactics, of predators and bark beetles will be discussed. Emphasis will be on Thanaslmus dublus (F.) (Coleoptera Clerldae) and Medetera blstrlata Parent (Dlptera Dollchopodldae) which are primary predators of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera Scolytidae). 

Figure 6.12 Cyclization reactions of acyclic, unbranched and methyl-branched ketones to bicyclic acetals and cyclic alcohols in bark beetles. (A) Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae formation of exo-brevicomin [(1 F ,5S,7fl)-(+)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] from (Z)-6-nonen-2-one (Vanderwel and Oehlschlager, 1992 Vanderwel ef a/., 1992a) ...

B) Western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus formation of endo-brevicomin [(1 F ,5S,7S)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane] from ( )-6-nonen-2-one (Vanderwel et a/., 1992a) (C) Spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis formation of frontalin [(1S, 5fl)-(-)-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] from 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one (Perez ef a/., 1996 Francke etai, 1995 Francke and Schulz, 1999) (D) European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus hypothetical formation of oc-multistriatin [(1 S,2F ,4S,5F )-(-)-2,4-dimethyl-5-ethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane] from 4,6-dimethyl-7-octen-3-one (Francke and Schulz, 1999) and E The colored... 

Barkawi L. S. (2002) Biochemical and molecular studies of aggregation pheromones of bark beetles in the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera Scolytidae), with special reference to the Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopkins. PhD thesis. Univ. Nevada, Reno, 193 pp. 

Barkawi L. S., Francke W., Blomquist G. J. and Seybold S. J. (2003) Frontalin de novo biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone component by Dendroctonus spp. bark beetles (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33, 773-788. 

Brand J. M., Bracke J. W., Britton L. N., Markovetz A. J. and Barras S. J. (1976) Bark beetle pheromones Production of verbenone by a mycangial fungus of Dendroctonus frontalis. J. Chem. Ecol. 2, 195-199. 

Byers J. A. (1982) Male specific conversion of the host plant compound, myrcene, to the pheromone, (+) ipsdienol, in the bark beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis. J. Chem. Ecol. 8, 363-371. 

Byers J. A. (1983b) Influence of sex, maturity and host substances on pheromones in the guts of the bark beetles, Ips paraconfusus and Dendroctonus brevicomis. J. Insect Physiol. 29, 5-13. 

Hobson K. R., Wood D. L., Cool L. G., White P. M., Ohtsuka T., Kubo I. and Zavarin E. (1993) Chiral specificity in responses by the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens to host kairomones. J. Chem. Ecol. 19, 1837-1846. 

Kinzer G. W., Fentiman A. F., Jr, Page T. F., Jr, Foltz R. L., Vite J. P. and Pitman G. B. (1969) Bark beetle attractants identification, synthesis and field bioassay of a new compound isolated from Dendroctonus. Nature 221, 477 178. 

Renwick J. A. A. (1967) Identification of two oxygenated terpenes from the bark beetles Dendroctonus frontalis and Dendroctonus brevicomis. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst, of Plant Res. 23, 355-360. 

White R. A., Jr, Franklin, R. T. and Agosin, M. (1979). Conversion of a-pinene oxide by rat liver and the bark beetle Dendroctonus terebrans microsomal fractions. Pest Biochem. Physiol. 10, 233-242. 

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