Kraft, pine lignin

Figure 8. Fractionation of pine kraft lignin by preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

Figure 9. Molar mass distribution of pine kraft lignin (fractions 1-IV in Figure 8).

Figure 4. Rate of color loss for HPL derivatives from red oak organo-solv lignin (A), aspen organosolv lignin (B), pine kraft lignin (C), hardwood kraft lignin (D), and spruce organosolv lignin (E). (ON stands for overnight.)...

The main phase of reaction of pine kraft lignin with formaldehyde proceeds at almost constant pH (Figure 3). The extent of Cannizzaro reaction is insignificant since it can be estimated from the formic acid content. The formation of phenol alcohols (as determined by FeCl3-color reaction) reached its peak after 2 hours, and the stability is rather high even after a day. 

Figure 5. DTA curves of pine kraft lignin and its methylol derivative...

Mathias, A. L. and Rodrigues, A. E., Production of vanillin by oxidation of pine kraft lignins with oxygen. Holzforschung 1995,49 (3), 273-278. 

Fig. 5.1.1. Ultraviolet spectra of pine kraft lignin (]), spruce lignosulfonate (2), and milled-wood lignin (3)...

Fig. 5.1.4. Ionization difference spectra (AD,-curves) of spruce lignosulfonate and pine kraft lignin Solvents water (lignosulfonate), methyl cellosolve water (8 2, v/v) (kraft lignin)...

Van Buren JB, Dence CW (1970) Chlorination behavior of pine kraft lignin Tappi 53... 

Fig. 6.4.5. Gas chromatrogram of tnmethylsilylated products from the thioacidolysis of a pine kraft lignin corresponding to 51% pulp yield (see Fig 6 4 "5 for description of notations and symbols)...

Fig. 8.1.2. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography of silylated samples of pine kraft lignin (—), birch kraft lignin (—) and milled wood lignin from spruce (—). (Mansson 1981)...

Table 8.4.3. Molecular weight distribution of pine kraft lignin in black liquor measured by ultrafiltration...

Technical lignins Pine kraft lignin O4H7 4202(H20)o 2hSo.08(OCH3)o 77 1.35 0.58 0.77... 

FIGURE 12.15 Major products isolated in the reaction of pine kraft lignin with cyana-mide-activated peroxide. (After Kadla, J.R, Chang, H-M., Chen, C-L., and Gratzl, J.S., Holzforschung, 52, 513-519, 1998.)... 

BAU 98] Baumberger S., Lapierre C., Monties B., Utilization of pine kraft lignin in starch composites impact of structural heterogeneity . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2234-2240,1998. 

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