Petrolatum white

Protectants are generally applied to the affected area after every diaper change and can be discontinued when the rash resolves. Other available protectants that can be used alone or in combination for the safe and effective treatment of diaper rash include white petrolatum, vitamins A and D, lanolin, and topical cornstarch. Many agents contain a combination of occlusive and protective agents such as Triple Paste and Calmoseptine . 

Melt the stearyl alcohol, white wax, and cholesterol (steam bath). Add the petrolatum and continue heating until a liquid melt is formed. Cool with stirring until congealed. III. Water-washable ointment (hydrophilic ointment, USP) White petrolatum 25% (w/w)... 

Melt the stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum (steam bath) and warm to about 75°C. Heat the water to 75°C and add the sodium lauryl sulfate, propylene glycol, methylparaben, and propylparaben. Add the aqueous phase and stir until congealed. IV. Water-soluble ointment (polyethylene glycol ointment, USP 14) Polyethylene glycol 4000 (Carbowax 4000) 50%... 

Oils have been used as vehicles for several topical eyedrop products that are extremely sensitive to moisture. Tetracycline HC1 is an antibiotic that is stable for only a few days in aqueous solution. It is supplied as a 1% sterile suspension with Plastibase 50W and light liquid petrolatum. White petrolatum and its combination with liquid petrolatum to obtain a proper consistency is routinely used as the vehicle for ophthalmic ointments. 

M Kneczke, L Landersjo, P Lundgren, C Fuhrer. In vitro release of salicylic acid from two different qualities of white petrolatum. Acta Pharm Suec 23 193, 1986. 

What is the percentage of zinc oxide in an ointment prepared by mixing 2 lb (avoir.) of a 10% zinc oxide ointment, 900 g of a 20% zinc oxide ointment, and 3 lb (avoir.) of white petrolatum (diluent) ... 

How many grains of 20% benzocaine ointment and how many grains of white petrolatum (diluent) should be used in compounding the following prescription ... 

In what proportion should a 20% coal tar ointment be mixed with white petrolatum (diluent) to produce a 2% coal tar ointment ... 

Anesthetic Lidocaine Xylocaine Microcrystalline wax, mineral oil, propylene glycol, white petrolatum... 

Antibacterial Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride Ciloxan White petrolatum, propylene glycol, emulsifying wax... 

Bacitracin zinc polymyxin B sulfate Polysporin Propylene glycol, sorbitan sesquioleate, and white petrolatum... 

Mupirocin calcium Bactroban Mineral oil white petrolatum and petrolatum... 

Antifungal Tioconazole Vagistat-1 White petrolatum and mineral oil... 

Anti-inflammatory Hydrocortisone acetate Anusol Propylene glycol, USP propylene glycol stearate (55% monoester) white wax, NF and white petrolatum, USP... 

Amcinonide Cyclocort White petrolatum, magnesium aluminum silicate... 

Gentamicin sulfate Prednisolone acetate Pred-G White petrolatum mineral oil petrolatum... 

Anti-inflammatory / anti-infective combination Acyclovir Zovirax Mineral oil, paraffin, propylene carbonate, white petrolatum and white wax... 

Treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis Treatment of plaque psoriasis Calcipotriene Dovonex White petrolatum, propylene glycol, fatty alcohol citrate fatty acid pentaerythritol ester, beeswax... 

Ointments are similar to creams but may be more viscous. Many ointments are prepared from a base of anhydrous lanolin or white petrolatum, which is a mixture ofn-, iso-, and cyclic-paraffins. Waxes may be added to make the ointments harder. 

Evaluation of the occlusive properties of different pastes in vitro 2 g of test product were carefully spread over the surface of agar-filled Petri dishes. The dishes were weighed and kept at room temperature in a box covered by a protecting cloth (start values). Further weighings were taken at days 1,2, and 5 thereafter. For control purposes, white petrolatum and a plate without any test product were included in the test. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. 

Evaluation of the occlusive properties of different pastes in vivo these were evaluated in vivo on tape-stripped skin exactly as described in Reference 10. Briefly, the stratum corneum of the forearm of healthy volunteers was tape stripped until the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) attained values between 40 and 50 g/m2/h. After a rest period of 1 h, 2.5 mg/cm2 of the test products were carefully applied on the stripped sites using a gloved finger, and the TEWL was measured at different times until 120 min after application. Percent changes relative to a nontreated control site were calculated over time. Positive control was white petrolatum. 

FIGURE 22.4 Occlusive properties of different pastes on stripped skin in vivo (percent decrease in transepi-dermal water loss) of n = 6 healthy volunteers. HP3 hydrophilic paste LP1 and LP2 lipophilic pastes. For the sake of clarity, means are shown +HSD (HP3) or —HSD (white petrolatum) only. 

HP3 is of questionable physiological significance. As expected, in both in vitro and in vivo models, a strong occlusion was seen after application of white petrolatum. This strong occlusive effect as observed with the lipophilic pastes led to a diminution of the TEWL because of the concomitant increase in the barrier function of the stratum corneum and despite an accumulation of moisture in the horny layer. This justifies the use of such pastes for skin protection, but not for drying the skin. 

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