Phenyl ammonium, phenolate

Sulfation by sulfamic acid has been used ia the preparation of detergents from dodecyl, oleyl, and other higher alcohols. It is also used ia sulfating phenols and phenol—ethylene oxide condensation products. Secondary alcohols react ia the presence of an amide catalyst, eg, acetamide or urea (24). Pyridine has also been used. Tertiary alcohols do not react. Reactions with phenols yield phenyl ammonium sulfates. These reactions iaclude those of naphthols, cresol, anisole, anethole, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Ammonium aryl sulfates are formed as iatermediates and sulfonates are formed by subsequent rearrangement (25,26). 

Benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide Cetrimonium bromide Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride Laurtrimonium bromide Laurtrimonium chloride Methyl tributyl ammonium chloride Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide Tetrabutyl ammonium chloride Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride Tetra-n-butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate Tetra-n-butyl ammonium hydroxide Tetrabutyl ammonium iodide Tetrabutylphosphonium acetate, monoacetic acid Tetrabutylphosphonium bromide Tetrabutylphosphonium chloride Tetraethylammonium bromide Tetraethylammonium hydroxide Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride Tetramethylammonium bromide Tetramethylammonium chloride Tetramethylammonium hydroxide Tetramethyl ammonium iodide Tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide Tetrapropyl ammonium bromide Tetrapropyl ammonium iodide Tributylamine Tributyl phosphine Tributyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium chloride Trioctyl (octadecyl) phosphonium iodide catalyst, phase-transfer Tetraethylammonium chloride Tetraoctylphosphonium bromide Tri-n-butyl methyl ammonium chloride Tri methyl phenyl ammonium hydroxide catalyst, phenolics Triethylamine... 

Water and waste water Phenols separated on a Nova-Pak Phenyl column eluted with ammonium acetate acetonitrile LC-ED 0.5 mg/L 91-100% Paterson et al. 1996... 

Benzo[6]furan is cleaved on reduction with excess sodium in liquid ammonia, followed by quenching with ammonium chloride or methanol, to produce 2-ethylphenol (69%). 2-Methyl- and 2-phenyl-benzo[6]furan similarly yield 2-propylphenol (54%) and 2-(2-phenylethyl)phenol (45%) (59JA2795). Similarly, 5-methoxybenzo[6]furan, on reduction with 2 mol of lithium and a limited amount of t- butanol, gives the cleavage product, but by operating with 2 mol each of lithium and f-butanol, 5 -methoxy-2-methylbenzo[6 jfuran supplies the 2,3-dihydro compound. With excess of the alcohol, however, 5-methoxy-2,3,4,7-tetrahydrobenzo[6]furan is secured so that the reduction is stepwise (67JOC2794). 

The anhydrous base does not react with gaseous or liquid ammonia, but potassium iodide or ammonium bromide reacts with a suspension of the base in liquid ammonia yielding chromium tetraphenyl salts and phenol, but no aniline is isolated. This shows that the fifth phenyl group can only react with a similar group or with a molecule of solvent, which becomes united to the base by solvation. The intramolecular activity of the group explains its inability to form tetraphenylmethane... 

Recently, Mukaiyama and co-workers prepared cinchona alkaloid-derived chiral quaternary ammonium phenoxide-phenol complex 23 and used it as an efficient organocatalyst for the tandem Michael addition and lactonization between oc,f-unsaturated ketones and a ketene silyl acetal 24 derived from phenyl isobutyrate. This approach permits the highly enantioselective synthesis of a series of 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones (25), as shown in Scheme 4.11 [17]. 

Recently, a new and efficient synthesis of cyprodime from naltrexone (2) has been reported [73], Firstly, the tetrazolyl ether (27) was formed by reaction of naltrexone with 5-chloro-l-phenyl-1 Ff-tetrazole [74], Catalytic hydrogenation afforded 3-deoxynaltrexone (28) which was methylated with dimethyl sulphate to give the enol ether (29). Acid hydrolysis gave the known morphinanone (30) [75] which was treated with activated zinc and ammonium chloride to yield the phenol (31). 4-O-Methylation with phenyltri-methylammonium chloride afforded cyprodime (23, Scheme 3.4) [75],... 

Oxidation of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-( -substituted phenyl) et hands, 6, by Cerium(IV). Dehydration prevented the oxidative-cleavage study of l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4,-substituted phenyl)ethanols, 4, (8). As an alternative study, the oxidation of these phenolic compounds using the homolytic oxidant ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in an acidic environment was initiated. However, preliminary oxidations of these compounds were unsuccessful due to the apparent formation of complexes of cerium(IV) with the phenolic hydroxyl groups. 

In an early synthesis a methyl carbonate, prepared by reaction of a phenol with methyl chloroformate, was cleaved selectively in the presence of a phenyl ester. In this case the ester is partially protected by formation of an ammonium salt, which reduces the leaving group ability of the phenol. 

Alkyl phenol ethoxylates have been over many years the workhorses as nonionic emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization. Depending on availability and price of buten and propen, nonyl (tripropylene)phenol ethoxylates or octyl (dibutylene) phenol ethoxylates have been very broadly used, whereas dodecyl (tetrapropylene or tributylene)phenol and tri tert-butylphenol ethoxylates were merely regarded as specialties. These aUcyl phenol ethoxylates can also be used as intermediates for the synthesis of anionic alkyl phenol ether sulphates. Sulphation by chlorosul-phonic acid or sulphur trioxide besides formation of the ether sulphate end group inevitably leads to certain amounts of ring sulphonation in the phenyl group, whereas amidosulphonic acid gives sulphonate-free aUcyl phenol ether sulphate ammonium salts. 

A number of developmental methodologies which are of interest in the herbicidal field have been examined for the formation of carbamates and related intermediates. Phosgene and phenol reacted in the presence of triphenylphosphine and a quaternary ammonium salt catalyst at 120-125°C over a total period of 10 hours gave phenyl chloroformate in 89% yield (ref.26). 

The polystyrene-supported quaternary ammonium chloride shown was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide, then shaken with a solution of compound X and phenol in toluene at 90°C to give butyl phenyl ether in 97% yield. What is compound X ... 

Mercaptopropionic acid Methylcyclohexanol Methyl ethyl ketoxime N-Nitrosodiethylamine N-Nitrosodimethylamine Nitrosophenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt Oat (Avena sativa) extract Octadecyl 3-mercaptopropionate Octylphenol 4,4(5H)-Oxazoledlmethanol, 2-(heptadecenyl)-Pansy (Viola tricolor) extract Phenyl neopentylene glycol phosphite Sodium citrate Sulfur dioxide a-Terpineol 2,2, 4,4 -Tetrahydroxy, 5,5 -di-t-butylbenzophenone Tetraisopropyl di (dioctylphosphito) titanate Thymol Toluhydroguinone 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline Trimethyl quinoline 2,4,6-Tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol Ubiquinone Wheat (Triticum vulgare) germ oil Zeaxanthin Zinc dialkyl dithlophosphate antioxidant mfg. 

Acetone Ammonium hydroxide Anethole t-Butyl alcohol Camphor Chlorothymol Cinnamal Denatonium benzoate Denatonium saccharide Eucalyptol Eugenol Methyl alcohol Methyl salicylate Phenol Phenyl salicylate Quassin Sodium hydroxide Sodium lauryl sulfate Sucrose octaacetate a-Terpineol Thymol... 

PEI-700 PEI-1000 PEI-1400 PEI-1750 PEI-2500 Pentasodium pentetate Phenol Phenyl acid phosphate Polyacrylonitrile Polybutadiene Polyethylacrylate Polyethylene, medium density Polyethylene, very low-density Poly (2-hydroxypropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride) Polyisoprene Poly-a-methylstyrene Poly (vinyl propionate) Potassium alum dodecahydrate Propylene... 

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