2-Methyl-2-propanol alcohol

Isobutyl alcohol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-propanol, isopropyl carbinol, Me2CHCH20H. B.p. 108°C. Occurs in fusel-oil. Oxidized by potassium permanganate to 2-methyl-propanoic acid dehydrated by strong sulphuric acid to 2-methylpropene. 

For both ethanol and 1-propanol, co-feeding of methylene- and methyl-labeled alcohols shows nearly the same activity distribution of formed hydrocarbons, indicating that C-C bonds of incorporated alcohols are not cleaved. Accordingly, the formation of methane is very small.1,3... 

The fruity-sweet flavours in elderberry juice and products have primarily been associated with aliphatic esters such as ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, methyl heptanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, alcohols (2-methyl-l-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol) and the aldehydes pentanal, heptanal and octanal [127, 129, 130, 132],... 

Higher Alcohols. The most abundant, volatile minor products of alcoholic fermentation are the higher alcohols or fusel alcohols. The most important are isoamyl (3-methyl-l-butanol), d-active amyl (2-methyl-l-butanol), isobutyl (2-methy 1-1-propanol), and n-propyl (1-propanol) alcohols. It is now recognized (4, 5, 6, 7) that these higher alcohols are formed by decarboxylation of particular a-keto acids to yield the corresponding aldehydes, and these in turn are reduced to the alcohols in a manner analogous to the formation of ethyl alcohol from pyruvic acid. 

FIGURE 13.17 Cloud point of L-64 in the presence of alcohols (half- lfe)dMethanol, ( ) ethanol, (f) propanol-1, (A) propanol-2, (X) 2 methyl propanol- )(butanol-1, ( ) butanol-2, ( ) pentranol-ipj phenol. (Reproduced from Pandya, K., etal. 19BBI.S. Pure Appl. Chem.30 1-18. With permission from Taylor and Francis.)... 

ISOBUTYLALKOHOL (CZECH) ISOPROPYLCARBINOL 2-METHYL PROPANOL 2-METHYL-PROPAN-l-OL 2-METHYL-l-PROPANOL 2-METHYLPROPYL ALCOHOL RCRA WASTE NUMBER LT40... 

Fusel Oil.—In the first distillation of alcohol from fermented liquids there is always present in the distillate a small amount of the higher alcohols. The mixture of these alcohols which may be separated from the ethyl alcohol is known as fusel oil. It contains some or all of these compounds propanol-i, butanol-i, 2-methyl propanol-i, 2-methyl... 

Propanol, 2-methyl- isobutyl alcohol 172a 174a, 174b, 603, 3370... 

SYNONYMS 2-butanol, 2-butyl alcohol, butylene hydrate, 2-hydroxybutane, methyl ethyl carbinol, 1-methyl propanol. 

The reaction of methanol with ethanol was performed by Ueda et al. " " over a MgO catalyst with an ethanol/methanol molar ratio of 1/20 at a temperature of 380 °C. The main products are propanol and 2-methyl propanol. The yields are 17.9 and 20.3 mol%, respectively, based on the charged ethanol at a ethanol conversion of 50.3%. The reaction may consist of several elementary steps such as aldol-type condensation, dehydrogenation of ethanol and/or methanol, hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds produced by the aldol-type condensation, and hydrogen transfer reaction from alcohol to aldehyde. Further detailed information is required to understand the reaction. 

Synonyms Butan-2-ol s-Butanol 2-Butyl alcohol s-Butyl alcohol Butylene hydrate Ethylmethyl carbinol 2-Hydroxybutane Methyl ethyl carbinol 1-Methyl propanol SBA Secondary butyl alcohol Classification Sec. aliphatic alcohol Empirical C4H,oO Formula CH3CH2CH(OH)CH,... 

Methanol Ethanol Isopropanol n-Propanol n-Butyl alcohol Isobutanol Mixed amyl alcohols 3-Methoxy butanol Pentanol-3 Methyl amyl alcohol 2-Ethylbutanol n-Hexanol Heptanol-3 2-Ethylhexanol Diisobutyl carbinol Trimethyl nonyl alcohol Undecanol Tetrad ecanol Heptadecanol Trimethyl cyclohexanol T etrahy dropy ran-2-methanol... 

Ethylmethyl carbinol 2-Hydroxybutane Methyl ethyl carbinol 1-Methyl propanol SBA Secondary butyl alcohol... 

Methylphenyl ether. SeeAnisole a-Methyl phenylethyl alcohol. See 2-Phenyl propanol-1... 

Methyl-2-phenylpropane. See t-Butylbenzene 2-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-propanol. See Tri methyl benzyl alcohol 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal. See a-Methylcinnamaldehyde 2-(p-Methylphenyl) propene. See p-a-Di methylstyrene... 

Synonyms Benzenemethanol, a,a,4-trimethyl- 8-p-Cymenol p-Cymen-8-ol Dimethyl p-tolyl carbinol 8-Hydroxy-p-cymene a-Hydroxy-p-cymene p-(Hydroxyisopropyl) toluene 1-Methyl-4-(a-hydroxyisopropyl) benzene 1 -Methyl-4-(1 -hydroxy-1 -methylethyl) benzene 2-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-propanol p-Tolyl dimethyl carbinol 2-(p-Tolyl)-2-propanol a,a,4-Tri methyl benzenemethanol a,a,4-Trimethylbenzyl alcohol p,a,a-Tri methyl benzyl alcohol Empirical C10H14O... 

Percent product distribution acetone 24.5 5.1, 2-methyl-2-propanol 18.8 4.0, 2-methyl-2-hydroperoxypropane 36.7 7.5, 2-methyl-propanal 14.0 3.9, 2-methyl-propanol 4.4 1.3, tertiary butylperoxide < 1.7. The peroxy radicals involved are primary 2-methyl-1-propylperoxy, primary methylperoxy and tertiary 2-methyl-2-propylperoxy. The relatively large yield of tertiary butanol is due to the interaction between CH3OO and tertiary butylperoxy radicals. Computer simulations based on the known rate coefficients for the self-reactions of these radicals [2] gave = 3 x 10" cm molecule s for the cross combination reaction. To simulate the observed ratio of primary alcohol and aldehyde requires a rate coefficient p 3 x 10" cm molecule s for the interaction between 2-methyl-1-propylperoxy and tertiary 2-methyl-2-propyl-peroxy radicals. The oxidation mechanism is quantitatively well understood. 

The choice of anion can have significant influence on the separation performance if polar, protic compounds are present in the solutes. In a series of mixed polar and nonpolar compounds, the separation of alcohols (here -butyl alcohol and 2-methyl propanol) is enhanced when changing the IL from [(u-Bu)4 N][OTfj to [(n-Bu)4 N][4-Me-C6H4-S03] to [(n-Bu)4 N][Me0S02] [30]. While the retention time for nonpolar, aprotic compounds such as benzene or pyridine did not change upon variation of the IL s anion, the retention times of the two alcohols increased from 3.0 to 5.7 to 7.6 min for 2-methyl propanol and from 3.7 to 9.5 to 12.9 min for n-butyl alcohol. 

The alcohols above ethyl in the series are generally spoken of as higher alcohols. An extensive literature on their presence in brandy has developed because of their importance to the organoleptic character of brandy. Much less information is available for wines. The chief higher alcohols found are isoamyl (3-methyl-l-butanol), active amyl ((—)-2-methyl-l-butanol), -propyl (1-propanol), isobutyl (2-methyl-l-propa-nol), n-butyl (1-butanol), and (—) sec-butyl (2-butanol). Others doubtless occur and will be identified as better methods for their separation are developed. Buscarfins (1941) fractionated (under vacuum) a fusel oil from wine pomace and identified amyl, propyl, isobutyl, butyl, and isopropyl (2-propanol)alcohols as esters and higher alcohols up to decyl. No hi er secondary alcohols were found. The residue consisted of esters, fatty acids, furfural, cylic bases, and hydrocarbons. Only acids with an even number of carbon atoms were demonstrated. The unsaturated acids oleic and linoleic were present in small amounts, presumably from the seeds. Ethyl esters were more important in amount than amyl esters. There was 3% furfural, 5.5% fatty acids (free and esterified), 30.9% alcohols (free and esterified), and 1.6% hydrocarbons (terpene). Dupont and Dulou (1935) demonstrated sec-butyl alcohol in a technical propyl alcohol that had been produced from fusel oil. 

The ethanol content, which has a very important influence on the aroma, is 1.0-1.5% by weight for a low fermented extract-rich beer, 1.5-2.0% for a weak or thin beer, 3.5-4.5% for a full beer, and 4.8-5.5% for a strong beer. Higher alcohols, such as 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol, methyl-propanol and 2-phenylethanol, are also present in very small quantities. 

Based on mechanistic and kinetic studies of the higher alcohol synthesis from synthesis gas, it has been shown that the ethanol in the mixed-oxygenate product is produced from intermediates derived from methanol, not CO [103,109]. Kinetic models of the synthesis have been developed that are able to explain the observed product distribution [110,111]. These models are based on a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism in which two types of reactions dominate aldol condensation, which yields primarily 2-methyl branched alcohols, and Cl coupling reactions, which yield linear alcohols [106,111]. Estimates of the parameters of the kinetic models that quantitatively describe the oxygenate product distributions suggest that the rate of ethanol formation is about an order of magnitude lower than the rate of production of branched alcohols [111,112]. On the Cs/Cu/Zn catalysts, this results in a minimum in yield of ethanol compared with the yields of methanol, 1-propanol, and 2-methyl-1 propanol. Althou methanol conversion to ethanol has been confirmed as part of the hi er alcohol synthesis from synthesis gas, this synthesis does not offer a plausible route for the conversion of methanol to ethanol. Under the reaction conditions methanol rapidly decomposes, even at a pressme of 0.1 MPa [113], to yield an equilibrium mix of methanol, CO, and H2. Furthermore, as shown by the data in T able 7, the yield of ethanol remains low even with methanol in the feed. 

Synonyms 1-Hydroxymethylpropane IBA Isobutanol Isopropylcarbinol 2-Methyl-propanol 2-Methyl-1-propanol 2-Methylpropan-1-ol 2-Methylpropyl alcohol Classification Primary aiiphatic aicohol... 

Tertiary butyl alcohol, trimethyl carbinol, tertiary butanol. 2-methyl-2-propanol, Me3COH. Colourless prisms, m.p. 25°C, b.p. 83°C. Prepared by absorbing isobutene (2-methylpropene) in sulphuric acid, neutralizing and steam distilling the liquor. Converted to isobutene by heating with oxalic acid. Potassium-/-buloxide is a very strong base. 

Outside of hydrocarbons, certain organic oxygenated compounds such as the alcohols and ethers are henceforth utilized in the formulation of gasolines. These are mostly methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols, as well as methyl and ethyl ethers obtained from and Cj olefins ... 

The catalyst is inactive for the hydrogenation of the (isolated) benzene nucleus and so may bo used for the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds containing aldehyde, keto, carbalkoxy or amide groups to the corresponding alcohols, amines, etc., e.g., ethyl benzoate to benzyl alcohol methyl p-toluate to p-methylbenzyl alcohol ethyl cinnamate to 3 phenyl 1-propanol. 

Methyl 1 propanol Isobutyl alcohol or 2 methylpropyl alcohol 2 Methyl 2 propanol tert Butyl alcohol or 1 1 dimethylethyl alcohol... 

The nitro alcohols in Table 1 are manufactured in commercial quantities however, three of the five of them are used only for the production of the corresponding amino alcohols. 2-Methyl-2-nitro-l-propanol (NMP) is available as the crystalline soHd or as a mixture with siHcon dioxide. 2-Hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is available as the soHd ( 9.15/kg), a 50% solution in water ( 2.33/kg), a 25% solution in water ( 1.41/kg), or as... 

Polymers. AH nitro alcohols are sources of formaldehyde for cross-linking in polymers of urea, melamine, phenols, resorcinol, etc (see Amino RESINS AND PLASTICS). Nitrodiols and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol can be used as polyols to form polyester or polyurethane products (see Polyesters Urethane polymers). 2-Methyl-2-nitro-l-propanol is used in tires to promote the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). Nitro alcohols are used as hardening agents in photographic processes, and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol is a cross-linking agent for starch adhesives, polyamides, urea resins, or wool, and in tanning operations (17—25). Wrinkle-resistant fabric with reduced free formaldehyde content is obtained by treatment with... 

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