Phenol sulfates

Cytochrome P4502E1, also microsomally located, catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenol to form hydroquinone (and to a much lesser extent catechol), which is then acted upon by the phase II enzymes (Benet et al. 1995 Campbell et al. 1987 Gut et al. 1996 McFadden et al. 1996). All three enzyme systems are found in multiple tissues and there is competition among them not only for phenol but for subsequent oxidative products, like hydroquinone. As a consequence, the relative amount of the products formed can vary based on species, dose and route of administration. In vivo, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lung, and kidney appear to be the major sites of phenol sulfate and glucuronide conjugation of simple phenols (Cassidy and Houston 1984 Powell et al. 1974 Quebbemann and Anders 1973 ... 

Arylsulfatase [EC 3.1.6.1 ], also known simply as sulfatase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of a phenol sulfate, thereby producing a phenol and sulfate. This enzyme classification represents a collection of enzymes with rather similar specificities. (1) Steryl-sulfatase [EC3.1.6.2],also referred to as arylsulfatase C and steroid sulfatase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3-j8-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate to 3-j8-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one and sulfate. The enzyme utilizes other steryl sulfates as substrates. (2) Cere-broside-sulfatase [EC 3.1.6.8], or arylsulfatase A, catalyzes the hydrolysis of a cerebroside 3-sulfate to yield a cerebroside and sulfate. The enzyme will also hydrolyze the galactose 3-sulfate bond present in a number of lipids. In addition, the enzyme will also hydrolyze ascorbate 2-sulfate and other phenol sulfates. 

This enzyme [EC 3.1.6.8], also known as arylsulfatase A, catalyzes the hydrolysis of a cerebroside 3-sulfate to produce a cerebroside and sulfate. The enzyme will also catalyze analogous reactions on the galactose 3-sulfate residues in a number of lipids as well as on ascorbate 2-sulfate and many phenol sulfates. 

C3. Collins, D. C., and Layne, D. S., The formation by the rabbit of iV-acetylglucos-aminides of steroid phenolic sulfates. Steroids 13, 783-792 (1969). 

The tyrosine protein sulfotransferase preparations from Golgi-enriched membranes have been used for sulfation of synthetic mono- and multiple-tyrosine peptides related to known sulfation sites in proteins and peptides at analytical levels to establish the enzyme specificities.1f11-13] Preparative sulfations have not been carried out to date. A novel type of arylsulfotransferase produced by Eubacterium A-44 which is part of the human intestinal flora, has recently been discovered.1"1911111 This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from phenolic sulfate, but not from 3 -phosphadenosine-5 -phosphasulfate, to other phenolic compounds. Using 4-nitrophenylsulfate as a donor substrate and tyrosine-containing peptides and proteins as acceptor substrates it catalyzes the specific sulfation of the tyrosine residues.11111-112 While this enzyme very efficiently sulfates tyrosine derivatives, the... 

Lactoylglutathione lyase Phenol-sulfating phenol sulfotransferase 1... 

The sulfation of phenol and the glucuronidation of its hydroquinone metabolite were measured in human liver cytosols and microsomes, respectively. The rate of phenol sulfation varied between 0.31 and 0.92 nmol/mg protein/min this is slightly higher than the rate for mice (0.46) and lower than that for rats (1.20). The rate of hydroquinone glucuronidation was between 0.10 and 0.28 mnol/mg protein/min, slightly higher than that for rats (0.08) and lower than that for mice (0.22). These enzyme-kinetic data were subsequently used to simulate phenol metabolism in mice, rats and humans in vivo, using a com-partmental pharmacokinetic model with benzene as phenol precursor (Seaton et al., 1995). 

Mixing aqueous samples with 1 ml 0.088% N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 1 ml 5% acetic acid, dilution to 10 ml with water, equilibration for 20 min, addition of 1 ml 0.3% 4-(methylamino)-phenol sulfate, equilibration for 2 min, addition of 2 ml 0.2% sulfanilamide, dilution to 25 ml with water, and absorbance measurement at 520 nm within 10-30 min. 

Leachates from the oil-shale industry and from spent shale dumps Phenols Sulfates V. fischeri (BiotoxMicrotox ) Daphnia pulex (Daphtoxkit F pulex) Brachionus calyciflorus (.Rotoxkit F )... 

Annapurna et al. [13] established simple, accurate, and reproducible UV spectrophotometric methods for fhe assay of buclizine based on the formation of precipitation, charge transfer, and redox products. Precipitation/ charge transfer complex formation of fhe buclizine with I2/p-nitro methyl amino phenol sulfate-sulfanilic acid by method A, the precipitation/complex formation with ammonium molybdate/potassium thiocyanate by method B and precipitation/redox reaction of buclizine with phosphomolybdic acid/Co /EDTA by method C were proposed. Determination of buclizine in bulk form and in pharmaceutical formulations was also incorporated. 

Numerous synthetic organic and inorganic compounds, organochlorines, dioxins, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, chlorinated phenols, sulfates, sulfides, surfactants, solvents, acids, bases, salts, pharmaceuticals, plastics, resins, explosives, and natural organics Residential and commercial chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, hydrocarbons, solvents, surfactants, paints, sealants, medicines, volatile organic compounds, resins, plastics, metals, salts, acids, and bases... 

PB-HPLC-MS of Phenols and Conjugates. The SAX chromatographic separation of phenols, sulfates, and glucuronides is described in detail elsewhere (12). Briefly, a 25 cm x 4.6 mm SAX column (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA) is used with an acetonitrile-pH 4.5 ammonium formate buffer (2 3) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Under these conditions, the nine model compounds were resolved to baseline in less than 20 minutes. 

Examples of neutral loss SRM are shown in Figure 3. As described above the aryl sulfates fragment almost exclusively by neutral loss of S03. Thus, simultaneous control of the Q, and Q3 mass filters to pass ions m/z X and m/z (X - 80), respectively, allows sulfate conjugate- selective detection. Accordingly, phenol sulfate (m/z 173 > m/z 93), 4-nitrophenol sulfate (m/z 218 > m/z 138), and naphthol sulfate (m/z 223 --> m/z 143) are monitored (Figure 3). At this time we have not applied this technique to sufficient numbers of biological samples, and cannot yet refer to the technique as sulfate conjugate specific . 

Su ate esters. Baumgarten showed that the reagent sulfates substances such as hydrazine, diethylamine, phenol, and naphthalene. It has been used in preparation of carbohydrate sulfate esters, sterol sulfate esters, phenol sulfate esters. 2-Hydroxy-3-alkyl-l,4-naphthoquinone antimalarials can be separated from metabolites hydroxylated in the side chain by conversion of the hydroxylated metabolites into water-soluble sulfate esters and extraction with water. Hydroxy-hydrolapachol (1), which was identified as a metabolite of hydrolapachol and which... 

Non-carbon-bonded sulfur compounds. These are primarily ester sulfates (-C-0-S, sulfur bonded to oxygen) such as phenolic sulfates, sulfamic acid (-C-N-S), sulfated polysaccharides, and adenosine-5 -phosphosulfate (APS). Approximately half of the total sulfur in soil organic matter is present in this form. 

Diethyl-m-aminophenolphthalein hydrochloride. See Basic violet 10 D C Red No. 19 3-(Diethylamino) phenol sulfate. See N,N-Diethyl-m-aminophenol sulfate N,N-Diethyl-m-aminophenol sulfate CAS 68239-84-9 EINECS/ELINCS 269-478-8 Synonyms 3-(Diethylamino) phenol sulfate Phenol, 3-(dimethylamino)-, sulfate Classification Substituted aromatic amine salt Empirical C10H15NO H2O4S Uses Hair dyes intermediate for prep, of oxidation color systems Trade Name Synonyms Rodol DEMAPS T[Lowenstein Dyes Cosmetics http //www.Jhlowenstein. com]... 

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