Perfumes turpentine

Balsam turpentine oil is obtained from the resins of living trees of suitable Pinus species by distillation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 180°C, or by other fractionation methods, which do not change the terpene composition of the resins. Wood turpentine oils, on the other hand, are generally obtained by steam distillation of chopped tree trunks, dead wood, or of resin extracted from this wood. Sulfate turpentine oil is produced as waste in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulfate process and is also a wood turpentine. Pine oil is another wood turpentine oil that is obtained by dry distillation of suitable pine and fir trees, followed by fractionation. However, the term pine oil is nowadays used for a product which is manufactured by hydration of turpentine oil (a-pinene). The resulting product is a mixture of monoterpenes containing o-terpineol as the main component. In addition to many other technical purposes, it is used to a large extent in cheap perfumes for technical applications. 

Tlio purity of essential oils is all-important, as they are used solely for their perfume. Those found in commerce do not always have that quality, but are frequently debased with alcohol, spirit of turpentine, resin, balsam copniva, or Borne oil of inferior price. The detection of the latter fraud is very difficult—in most cases the specific gravity being the only test. The presence of resin or balsam is elicited when a drop of the suspocted oil, heated upon a piece of paper, leaves a greasy spot. 

For most new aroma chemicals the starting point of synthesis was the hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum refining or the monoterpenes obtained from turpentine. The synthesis of the aldehydes provided the inspiration for such perfumes as Chanel No. 5 and Arpege,... 

Should the demand for "renewability" become a common one in fragrance briefings, it would cause a switch, wherever possible, from oil- and natural gas-derived aroma chemicals to turpentine-derived ones. Demands that a high proportion of the components of perfumes be derived from renewable resources would not constitute a very severe constraint upon perfume creation, but demands that all or nearly all components be so derived would necessitate a radical reorientation including, say, the abandonment of all synthetic musks known today. 

Hundreds of essential oils were used as perfumes, flavorings, and medicines for centuries before chemists were capable of studying the mixtures. In 1818, it was found that oil of turpentine has a C H ratio of 5 8, and many other essential oils have similar C H ratios. This group of piney-smelling natural products with similar C H ratios came to be known as terpenes. 

Conifer needles also contain volatile products which are mainly composed of mono- and sesquiterpenoids. The volatile turpentine constituents are used in the production of flavors and perfumes and in various technical and pharmaceutical products. The turpentine and rosin production of trees can be increased considerably by injecting suspensions of pitch canker fungus or chemicals such as "paraquat" (1,r-dimethyl-4,4 -bipyridinium salt) which has been found to be very effective. 

Thus terpenes (a-pinene, (3-pinene) can be produced from natural turpentine, as is traditionally done by rosin producers such as Hercules, Glidden, or Union Camp in the United States, or on a smaller scale in France by Societe des Derives Resiniques et Terpeniques, DRT. BASF and Hoffmann-La Roche, however, have demonstrated that starting from acetylene or isobutylene, terpene chemicals can be synthetically reproduced. Both companies are able to produce both their vitamins and perfume bases in this way. 

To Hake Hatches Without Sulphur. To obviate the use of sulphur for igniting tho wood of the match, the ends of the matches aro first slightly charred by rubbing them against a red hot iron plate, and then dipped into as much white wax, melted in a suitable vessel, as will cover the bottom about i inch in depth. Or they may be dipped into camphorated spirit. Or into a solution of 1 ounce Venice turpentine and k ounce camphor, in pint oil of turpentine, with a little gum-benzoin and eascarilla by way of perfume. After any of the above preparations the matches are ready for dipping in the phosphorus paste. 

Terpene is highly concentrated distilation of the fluids of certain plants and is a flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic strong odor. Commercial Turpentine is produced from pine wood and needle distillation and is used to manufacture perfume, solvents, glues and most household detergents. Pine oil and Turpentine are also reliable natural repellents for insect vermin. 

The essential oils, of which oil of turpentine is an example, are vegetable oils used in many cases as perfumes. There are three methods of winning the essential oils (1) by distillation with steam (2) by pressure of the plant substance and (3) by extraction... 

The other class of lipid molecnles, based on a branched five-carbon stmc-ture called isoprene, was first identified via steam distillation of plant materials. The extracts are called essential oils. They are often fragrant, and are used as medicines, spices, and perfumes. A wide variety of structures is obtained by fusing isoprene monomer units, leading to a very diverse set of compounds, including terpenes, such as j8-carotene, pinene (turpentine), and carvone (oil of spearmint) and steroids, such as testosterone, cholesterol, and estrogen. 

C oH 5, Mr 136.24, crystalline, bicyclic monoterpene with isocamphane structure occurring in nature in two optically active forms and a racemate (l/f,45)(+)- and (15,4/f)(-)-C., mp. 50-51 °C, [a]j, 119° (benzene) ( )-C., mp. 47 °C. Optically active C. racemizes readily. thus various values for optical rotation are found in the literature. C. occurs in many essential oils, e.g., Ceylon, citronella, turpentine, and bergamot oil. Use In the perfume industry and for production of camphechlor (toxaphen), a chlorinated C. that was used as an insecticide. Since it accumulates in the body fat of mammals its use as crop protection agent is no longer permitted in Germany. 

CI oH I gO, Mr 154.25. A bicyclic monoterpene with the fenchane structure that was first detected in the turpentine oil of the pine Pinus palusiris. Various stereoisomers and their mixtures occur in numerous plant oils, e.g., (-)-j8-F. (oil, [a]o° -31°), in the essential oil of Lawson s cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cupressaceae) or (+)-a-F. (cryst., mp. 47-47.5 °C, [a] +12.5°) from the marsh resin obtained from peat bogs (= kauri resin of the tree Agathis australis, Araucaria-ceae). Fenchyl acetate is used in perfumes with a coniferous nuance. 

Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) flower water Peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil 1-Phenyl-1-propanol Santalol Sebacic acid Stannic oxide Stearyl alcohol Tiqlic acid Tridecyl alcohol Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) oil Turpentine Undecylenic acid perfume agent p-Dimethoxybenzene perfume ester mfg. 

Cyclohexanone Naphtha Stoddard solvent Turpentine VM P naphtha thinner, paints/coatings Naphtha, medium aliphatic thinner, perfumes Toluene... 

Tricyclic sesquiterpenes longifolene in essential oils, e.g. turpentine, solvent additive, production of perfumes colorless, oily liquid... 

Solvent-induced allergies can occur at a variety of working sites, e.g., in shoe factories, in electronic industries, in synthetic chemical industries, in metal industries or in perfume and potter industries (oil of turpentine and other solvents). Similar occurrence of solvents can be found in consumer products, e.g., in nail polishes (e.g., toluene). Allergic solvent substances are listed in various catalogues and databases. 

By present routes, catechol arises as a co-product in the synthesis of hydroqui-none from phenol by oxidation with peracids. Catechol is used as an antioxidant, principally for turpentine oil and perfumes. For the latter application, especially in the USA, 4-tert-butylcatechol, obtained by butylation, is used. 

Balsams, oleoresins solutions of resins in volatile oils. B. are produced either as normal plant constituents, or in response to pathological conditions or injury. Commercially, the most important B. is turpentine, produced (1-2 kg/tree/year) by conifers in re-ponse to bark injury. Steam distillation of the crude B. yields turpentine oils the residue is colophoy (rosin). Other B., usually named after the country of origin (e.g. Peru B., Canada B.), are used in perfumes and pharmaceuticals. 

Dipentene corresponds to a racemic mixture of D-limonene and L-limonene. Dipentene can be prepared from wood turpentine or by synthesis. It is used as a solvent for waxes, rosin and gums, in printing inks, perfumes, rubber compounds, paints, enamells, and lacquers. As an irritant and sensitizer, dipentene has caused contact dermatitis mainly in painters, polishers and varnishers. 

Alpha-pinene is the major constituent of turpentine (about 80%). It exists as a levogyre form in European turpentines, and as a dextrogyre form in turpentines found in North America. Sensitization mainly occurs in painters, polishers and varnishers, and in those in the perfume and ceramics industry. 

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