Agathis australis

Devon and Scott s Handbook91) essential oil from Salvia dorisiana92 contains perillyl acetate and the rare methyl perillate (34 R = C02Me) tricyclene is present in Agathis australis as a major component,93 and ds-carveyl acetate is a major component in Japanese spearmint (Mentha spicata crispa).94 Some rare oxygenated menthanes have been isolated from Mentha gentilis,95 and from Piper nigrum.96... 

Figure 1.9. Detail of the margo and toms of Figure 1.10. A surface view of an aspirated a pit membrane in Pinus radiata showing pit membrane in Agathis australis. The pit the open texture of the microfihrils in the membrane has aspirated hack against the pit margo. x 12 500. border of the underlying tracheid. x 450.

CI oH I gO, Mr 154.25. A bicyclic monoterpene with the fenchane structure that was first detected in the turpentine oil of the pine Pinus palusiris. Various stereoisomers and their mixtures occur in numerous plant oils, e.g., (-)-j8-F. (oil, [a]o° -31°), in the essential oil of Lawson s cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cupressaceae) or (+)-a-F. (cryst., mp. 47-47.5 °C, [a] +12.5°) from the marsh resin obtained from peat bogs (= kauri resin of the tree Agathis australis, Araucaria-ceae). Fenchyl acetate is used in perfumes with a coniferous nuance. 

Structural types from New Zealand kauri gum or copal. Kauri is the Maori name for Agathis australis (Araucariaceae), while copal is the Spanish version of the Nahuatl (Aztec) word copalli, meaning resin. Kauri gum was formerly an important raw material for the manufacture of varnish and linoleum, and it has been a valuable source of new terpenes for natural products chemists. 

Isol. from Cryptomeria japonica and Agathis australis. Cryst. Mp 63-65°. [(x] -11° (c, 2.34 in CHCI3). 

Agathis australis LM Crystals in phelloderm cell walls 69... 

Enzell C R, Thomas B R 1965 The chemistry of the order Araucariales. 2. The wood resin of Agathis australis. Acta Chem Scand 19 913-919... 

Manila Copal is exuded from Dammara orientalis (Indonesia, Philippines), while Kauri Copal derives from Agathis australis. They are soluble in alcohols and ketones. Copal softens at 90-115 °C and has an a.v. of 110-141. Uses are in paper coatings, finishes for various substrates, - adhesives and - inks. Dispersions in water, formed by salt formation, are used in floor - polishes. In 1974, 500 mt were produced. 

There has been but one positive test for alkaloids recorded for this small gymnosperm family (A gal his australis). A lest of this species was negative as well as tests on A. moorei, A. ovata, A. robusta, Agathis sp., A. vitensis, Araucaria bididellii, A. cookii, A. cunninghamii,A. excelsa, and A. rulei. 

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