Oxidants chlorine

Iodine Acetaldehyde, acetylene, aluminum, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), antimony, bromine pentafluoride, carbides, cesium oxide, chlorine, ethanol, fluorine, formamide, lithium, magnesium, phosphorus, pyridine, silver azide, sulfur trioxide... 

Lead(ll) oxide Chlorinated rubber, chlorine, ethylene, fluorine, glycerol, metal acetylides, perchloric acid... 

Mercury(II) oxide Chlorine, hydrazine hydrate, hydrogen peroxide, hypophosphorous acid, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, butadiene, hydrocarbons, methanethiol... 

In 1990, a test using scrap tires (2x2 in. I DE) to generate steam for electricity was conducted at the Elexsys plant. The I DE replaced 20% of the plant s coal. Results showed that IDE is an environmentally sound fuel. Particulate emissions were reduced by the lower ash content of IDE, volatile organic compounds (VOC) were reduced because of more efficient burning of I DE compared to coal, and carbon dioxide emissions were reduced because I DE contains half the fixed carbon found in coal. Nitrogen oxide, chlorine emissions, and metals were also reduced, and ferrous metals and dioxins were nondetectable (7). 

The oxidation of trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride by nitric acid or oxidative chlorination in the presence of water yields trichi oromethanesulfonyl chloride [2547-61-7] CCI2SO2CI, which is a lacrimatory soHd (mp 140—142.5°C), which is surprisingly stable to hydrolysis and can be steam-distiUed. 

Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Combined Systems. The vast majority of in situ bioremediations ate conducted under aerobic conditions because most organics can be degraded aerobically and more rapidly than under anaerobic conditions. Some synthetic chemicals are highly resistant to aerobic biodegradation, such as highly oxidized, chlorinated hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Examples of such compounds are tetrachloroethylene, TCE, benzo(a)pyrene [50-32-8] PCBs, and pesticides. 

Fabric preparation is often considered to be the most important stage to obtain good color yields, levelness, and brightness on wool fabric (104). This is done almost exclusively by an oxidative chlorination process, the most popular commercial methods using either a batch treatment with dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA), or a continuous fabric treatment with gaseous chlorine, called the Kroy process. 

Several other changes that are supposed to slow down the reaction can cause runaway. In the case of ethylene oxidation, chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as inhibitors. These slow down both the total and the epoxidation, although the latter somewhat less. When the reaction is running too high and the inhibitor feed is suddenly increased in an attempt to control it, a runaway may occur. The reason is similar to that for the feed temperature cut situation. Here the inhibitor that is in the ppm region reacts with the front of the catalytic bed and slowly moves down stream. The unconverted reactants reach the hotter zone before the increased inhibitor concentration does. 

Chlorinated camphene (toxaphene) Chlorinated diphenyl oxide Chlorine... 

Chlorinated camphene Chlorinated diphenyl oxide Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorine trifluoride Chloroacetaldehyde... 

Oxidative chlorination of 1,10-penanthroline using excess phosphorus pentachloride and phosphoryl chloride gave rise to high yields of products chlorinated meta and para to the annular nitrogens (92BCJ2007). 

In the Meisenheimer reaction of quinoline 1-oxides chlorine atoms usually enter the 2-and 4-positions, but not exclusively. 2,4-Dibromoquinoline 1-oxide was 6-chlorinated (57MI1), and the 5- and 6-nitroquinoline 1-oxides were 3-chlorinated to some extent (44JOC302). This reaction with phosphoryl chloride-phosphorus pentachloride has also been used in the preparation of chlorinated phenanthrolines (88YZ1148). 

Oxidative chlorination of diaryl sulphoxides with chlorine is generally much more useful than for alkyl-containing substrates. The sulphone is obtained cleanly, with no (or little) halogenation94 The rate of reaction is first-order with respect to both the sulphoxide and chlorine and has an order of minus one with respect to chloride ion. This is consistent with the mechanism given in equation (29). 

In reality, many other chemical and photochemical processes take place leading to a sort of steady-state concentration of O3 which is a sensitive function of height. To be accurate, it is necessary to include the reactions of nitrogen oxides, chlorine- and hydrogen-containing free radicals (molecules containing an unpaired electron). However, occurrence of a layer due to the altitude dependence of the photochemical processes is of fundamental geochemical importance and can be demonstrated simply by the approach of Chapman (1930). 

Finally, the sulphide is absolutely incompatible with oxidants, chlorine (incandescence), dichlorine oxide (explosive decomposition), silver (I) oxide (ignition when the mixture is ground up). 

If AG has a value which is more negative than that of AG, then AG° becomes more negative than the standard free energy change for the metal oxide chlorination reaction (AG ). An oxide which is difficult to chlorinate in the free state may, therefore, be chlorinated more easily when compounded into a silicate. 

See chlorinated RUBBER metal oxides Chlorine, Ethylene... 

See Bromine trilluoride Antimony trichloride oxide Chlorinated rubber... 

Although technically a chlorine oxide, chlorine perchlorate is of little importance. When ozone reacts with chlorine dioxide, the reaction produces Cl2Og dichlorine hexoxide. 

Small amounts of amine salt are also generated as a side product.8-10 Other oxidative chlorinating approaches have been used with dialkyl phosphites as well, including methods using copper(II) chloride,11 sulfuryl chloride,12 and elemental chlorine.13 All of these provide the target dialkyl phosphorochloridate in high yield. 

REGENOX A catalytic process for oxidizing organic compounds in gaseous effluents. A modified version oxidizes chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons at 350 to 450°C without forming dioxins. Developed by Haldor Topsoe and first operated by Broomchemie in The Netherlands in 1995. See CATOX. 

Reaction the process in which chemicals/materials (reactants) are converted to other chemicals/materials (products) types of reactions are often characterized individually (e.g., decompositions, oxidations, chlorinations, polymerizations). 

One of the primary starting materials for all members of this group is chloranil (tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone). Today, it is customarily prepared by oxidative chlorination of hydroquinone. 

Vinyl chloride is the least-oxidized chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon, and may serve as an electron donor. A vinyl chloride molecule consists of more hydrogen atoms relative to chloride atoms (3 to 1) thus, reductive dechlorination is not favorable to biodegradation. However, under aerobic conditions, vinyl chloride can serve as an electron donor with oxygen as an electron acceptor. 

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