Chlorinated hydrocarbons, aliphatic

Interfacial polycondensation can be also performed in dispersion (Example 4-13) For this purpose the solution of acid dichloride is dispersed in the aqueous solution of diamine by vigorous stirring (if necessary in the presence of a water-soluble dispersion stabilizer). The polycondensation then takes place at the surface of the droplets. Water is especially suitable as solvent for the diamine component, while aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons are best for the dicarbox-ylic acid dichlorides. 

Withey, J.R. Karpinski, K. (1985) The fetal distribution of some aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons in the rat after vapor phase exposure. Biol. Res. Preg., 6, 79-88... 

SYNS ALIPHATIC CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS CHLORINATED HC, ALIPHATIC... 

ALIPHATIC and AROMATIC EPOXIDES see AFM250 ALIPHATIC CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS see... 

One mode of control of nematodes living in the soil is the application of volatile soil fumigants, the vapours of which attain in the air space of the soil a concentration sufficient to Icill them. The major part of these substances can be classified among the aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons. Their action is aspecihc, so that they cannot be used during the active vegetative period because they damage plants. Their most important representatives are bromomethane (1), 1,2-di-bromoethane (2), a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (3) and 1,2-dichloropropane... 

Watrous WM, Plaa GL. 1972b. The nephrotoxicity of single and multiple doses of aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents in male mice. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 23 640-649. 

Fig. 7. Raman spectra of homologous compounds of the aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon series (frequencies in cm ). One observes that comparing spectra of 2a to 10a the lines belonging to the valence frequencies are fixed in the same place, while the break frequency lines (around 400) are shifted.

Limitations Limited penetrating power (water emulsion) because of water surface tension may flash rust as a primer over bare steel not suitable for immersion service or strong chemical environments. Soluble in ketones, esters, aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Poly(vinyl carbazole) is insoluble in alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, carbon tetrachloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons and castor oil. It is swollen or dissolved by such agents as aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and tetrahydrofuran. 

The fluids have reasonably good chemical resistance but are attacked by concentrated mineral acids and alkalis. They are soluble in aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, which is to be expected from the low solubility parameter of 14.9 MPa. They are insoluble in solvents of higher solubility parameter such as acetone, ethylene glycol and water. They are themselves very poor solvents. Some physical properties of the dimethylsilicone fluids are summarised in Table 29.2. 

This has a very high resistance to impact damage, even at subzero temperatures. It has good creep strength in dry conditions up to 115°C but degrades by continuous exposures to water hotter than 65°C. It is resistant to aqueous solutions of acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, paraffins, alcohols (except methanol), animal and vegetable fats and oils, but is attacked by alkalis, ammonia, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

Fluorinated rubbers, copolymers of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene-fluorides, have excellent resistance to oils, fuels and lubricants at temperatures up to 200°C. They have better resistance to aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and most mineral acids than other rubbers, but their high cost restricts their engineering applications. Cheremisinoff et al. [54] provide extensive physical and mechanical properties data on engineering plastics. A glossary of terms concerned with fabrication and properties of plastics is given in the last section of this chapter. 

Many organic liquids, including oils (essential, animal, vegetable or mineral), alcohols, fatty acids, chlorinated hydrocarbons and aliphatic esters, are without action. The absence of any catalytic action of tin on oxidative changes is helpful in this respect. When, however, mineral acidity can arise, as with the chlorinated hydrocarbons containing water, there may be some corrosion, especially at elevated temperature. 

Solubility. No quant data is in the literature. In Ref 11, p 19 die order of decreasing soly is given as w, ketones, ales)) esters) organic acids, aliphatic nitro compds) ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons. Within each class the solubility decreases with increasing chain length... 

The silica gel surface is extremely polar and, as a result, must often be deactivated with a polar solvent such as ethyl acetate, propanol or even methanol. The bulk solvent is usually an n-alkane such as n-heptane and the moderators (the name given to the deactivating agents) are usually added at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5% v/v. Silica gel is very effective for separating polarizable materials such as the aromatic hydrocarbons, nitro hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic), aliphatic ethers, aromatic esters, etc. When separating polarizable substances as opposed to substances with permanent dipoles, mixtures of an aliphatic hydrocarbon with a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as chlorobutane or methylene dichloride are often used as the mobile... 

Stable isotopes Organo-metallic constituents Agrochemical contaminants Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons Chlorinated hydrocarbons... 

The removal of a wide variety of pollutants by means of non-thermal plasma has been reported aliphatic hydrocarbons [1-3], aromatics [4-7], chlorinated hydrocarbons [4,8-10], as well as inorganic contaminants such as S02, H2S [11,12] and NOx, which will be discussed in detail in this chapter. 

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization. 3-(Methyldichlorosilyl)-pyridine (1) was synthesized by the reaction of 3-lithiopyridine, prepared in situ from 3-bromopyridine and n-butyllithium, with a large excess of methyltrichlorosilane at -76° (Scheme 2). The product is a colorless distillable liquid which is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and extremely sensitive to moisture and protonic solvents. 

It must be stressed that a liquid component can be substituted with an efficient absorber of microwave irradiation together with a low-melting component. The use of most typical PTC solvents (nonpolar aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, or highly chlorinated hydrocarbons) is most interesting for microwave activation, because such solvents are transparent or absorb microwaves only weakly. They can, therefore, enable specific absorption of microwave irradiation by the reagents, and the results or product distributions might be different under microwave and conventional conditions [7]. 

The fluorocarbons have the best heat stability of all rubbers, being capable of giving extended service life at over 250 °C. As a group, fluorocarbons resist aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, and most oils and mineral acids. They are also highly resistant to oxygen, ozone and UV light. 

Aerobic degradation has been shown to be most effective in reducing the concentration of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fuel compounds. Anaerobic reactions are more effective in degrading chlorinated hydrocarbons and long-chain animal fats and oils. Detailed study is necessary to determine the most-effective procedure for a specific site. 

Although GC-C-IRMS systems that can measure the chlorine isotopic composition of individual chlorinated hydrocarbons are currently unavailable, it is clear that chlorine isotope analysis is also a useful technique to consider for study [614,677,678]. Measurement of chlorine stable isotope ratios in natural samples such as rocks and waters has become routine [626,679,680], but few measurements of chlorine isotopes in chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons have been reported [614]. A chlorine isotope effect was found in ferf-butyl chloride [681], demonstrating that 37Cl is more strongly bound to carbon than is 35Cl. Significant differences in the <5i7Cl values of some atmospheric chlorinated... 

Cellulosics generally resist oils, greases and aliphatic hydrocarbons Aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, detergents have a limited effect... 

Polyamide-imides resist most acid and base solutions at low concentrations, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, greases, oils, gasoline, certain chlorinated hydrocarbons, and ketones. 

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