Decomposition explosive

Control of evaporation (decomposition) process Contrivance of precursor materials freeze drying, spray drying, mist decomposition, explosion coprecipitated oxalate decomposition, amorphous citrate decomposition, decomposition of solid solutions of cyanides and hydroxides ... 

Some gases explode by themselves without being mixed with other gases. For example, acetylene, ethylene oxide and ozone fall into this category. This property is recognized experimentally and no common evaluation method has been established. If the calculated decomposition heat of lg of the gas is large, it is assumed that the material may induce a decomposition explosion. 

Properties One of the very few commercial explosives containing neither nitrogen nor oxygen and producing no gas on decomposition. Explosion is due only to production of large amount of heat. Red-brown solid, detonates by percussion or when heated over 100°. 

Ammonium azide, solid. Decomposition, explosion, and combustion data (Ref 99). See also Vol 1, p A521-L... 

Nitroindene polymer was obtained by the nitration of polyindene (31- It is an amorphous solid of m.p. 230 0, and is insoluble in most solvents. Decomposition (explosion) temperature is above 360 C. It is sliglitly hygroscopic, taking 1.61% w ater from the atmosphere of 100% relative humidity. The Inler-nationaJ heat test at 75 C showed 1.1% loss of weight. A sample of 5 g evolved in vacuo 2 cm of gas in 48 hours. It was considered for use in U.S.. Army as a time fuse but was found to be too sensitive to impact. 

Bowden and McLaren suggest that as silver azide is an n-type semiconductor the application of the d.c. field causes electrons to move towards the anode. The flow will build up a space-charge field near the cathode and cause electrons to be injected from the cathode into the crystal. At high fields the electrons will have enough energy to produce ionization and decomposition. Explosion ensues if there is sufficient self-heating. 

Ammonium nitrate Physical properties Chemical and explosive properties Ihermal decomposition Explosive decomposition and stability Commercial product... 

Special consideration is required for exterior columns and auxiliaries that may contain unstable compounds (e.g., peroxides, nitro compounds, hydrocarbon oxides, acetylenic compounds, etc.). Here an external fire may cause overheating and polymerization, which in turn can lead to a runaway reaction and a decomposition explosion. These reactions will be related to the fire. Five major ethylene oxide column explosions caused by this sequence of events are cited in Ref. 209a. At least one involved a fatality, and in several the column was destroyed with column fragments travelling a long distance. 

Nitronium salts are colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic compounds. Nitto-nium perchlorate, sulfate, and hexafluoroiodate are unstable. The spontaneous decomposition (explosive nature) of the perchlorate was experienced by Ingold [60]. It is in all probability due to the equilibrium with the covalent unstable nitrate... 

Loving, R.N. Rogers, J.L. Janney, M.H. Ebinger, R.E. Askins, D.A. Flanigan, "Mechanistic Condensed Phase Deuterium Isotope Effect Analysis in Decomposition, Explosion, and Combustion In—Situ Rate—Controlling Step Identification", 17th Annual International ICT Conference Analysis of... 

A typical sequence of pressure profiles for the initiation of nitromethane is shown in Figure 3.6. The shock travels into the explosive shock heating occurs and results in chemical decomposition. Explosion occurs at the rear boundary, and a detonation develops with the C-J pressure and velocity characteristic of the explosive at the shocked pressure and density. Because these pressures and velocities are often much larger than the explosive normal maximum C-J performance, these detonations in the shocked explosive are called super detonations. The detonation wave overtakes the shock wave and then decays to the normal density C-J pressure and velocity. An animation of the shock initiation of nitromethane is on the CD-ROM in the /MOVIE/NM.MVE directory and in the PowerPoint HOMO.PPT in the /CLASS.PPT/CHAPT3 directory. 

As gas yield mainly characterizes the efficiency of a blowing agent, the testing methods are related to gas evolution. In this respect, the ASTM D 1715-60T has been developed. Other methods, such as EGA, EGD, chromatography, DTA, TG, etc., are applied also in order to establish gas yield, mode and temperature of decomposition, qualitative and quantitative determination of all decomposition products, rate of decomposition, explosion risk, toxicity, etc. 

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