Chlorinated ethylenes, oxidation precipitation

Using Phosphate to Control the Mn Oxide Precipitation During In Situ Chemical Oxidation of Chlorinated Ethylenes by Permanganate... 

Poly(ethylene oxide)s are soluble in an unusually broad range of solvents, which includes water chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene dichloride aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone and alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol. There is an upper temperature limit of solubility in water for the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s this varies with concentration and molecular weight but is usually between 90 and 100°C. Water-solubility is due to the ability of the polyether to form hydrogen bonds with water these bonds are broken when the temperature is raised, restoring the anhydrous polymer which is precipitated from the solution. 

WHITE MERCURY PRECIPITATE (10124-48-8) Reacts violently with halogens barium, chlorine, fluorine, and metal salts of amines. Contact with acids or acid fumes causes decomposition, producing hydrogen chloride fumes. Incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cresols, caprolactam solution, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, glycols, isocyanates, ketones, maleic anhydride, nitrates, nitromethane, phenols, vinyl acetate. May corrode aluminum, copper, zinc, and some stainless steel in the presence of moisture. 

The name muride was suggested to Balard by Anglada, who says the editors of the Annales de Chimie had persuaded Balard to adopt the name brome . Balard describes the properties of bromine fully and also the discovery of ethylene dibromide. He discovered hypochlorous acid (acide chloreux) and chlorine monoxide, obtaining hypochlorous acid by the action of precipitated mercuric oxide on chlorine water, and chlorine monoxide by dehydrating a solution of hypochlorous acid with calcium nitrate the usual preparation by passing chlorine over precipitated mercuric oxide was described by Pelouze. Balard discovered oxamic acid (see p. 339) and investigated amyl alcohol (see p. 430). 

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