Wool fabrics

Fabric preparation is often considered to be the most important stage to obtain good color yields, levelness, and brightness on wool fabric (104). This is done almost exclusively by an oxidative chlorination process, the most popular commercial methods using either a batch treatment with dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA), or a continuous fabric treatment with gaseous chlorine, called the Kroy process. 

An alternative approach is to physicaUy separate the FWA from the wool fiber by incorporating the whitener into a suitable surface polymer treatment for wool fabric (119). The photostabUity of these fabrics is significantly better than conventional FWA treatments, being similar to bleached wool. 

A. P. Piedot, "Influence of Glass Transition on the Felting Shrinkage of Wool Fabrics," Text. Res.J. (iu press May 1997). 

The test colorfastness to potting, ISO 10S-E09, is of importance for dyed wool as potting is one of the processes woven wool fabrics can be given before they are made up iato clothing. The procedure is similar to EOS except that the test conditions are 1 h immersion ia boiling water. 

The particular requirements of shrink-resist processes in relation to wool fabric printing have been described [312]. In addition to dimensional stability, there is a need for ease of... 

Aminoethylprotein(AEP), A spongy tan gum, contg ca 27.8% N, was prepd by treating wool fabric with ethyleneimine in the manner described under Aminoethylvinylchloride. The aminoethylated wool fabric became a gum when soaked in methanol(See also Amino-ethylation Reactions)... 

Sulfonic Acid Derivatives. The sulfonic acids, including their salts, have found value as agents for treating wool fabrics against species uf moth for a number of years. One of these products is Fulan. a number of variations of which have been produced, Mitin-FF. a derivative of urea, also has been used in this way. io date, the free sulfonic acids have nut played on important role as insecticides for crops. 

If this shortened method is employed, the following rules must be followed in cotton and wool fabrics, the cotton is determined for preference as in case 1 (6) and the wool calculated by difference. In cotton and silk or wool and silk fabrics, the silk is determined for preference in the manner described in case 2 (c) and the other component calculated by difference. In cotton, wool and natural silk fabrics, the silk (2,c) and cotton (1,6) are determined for preference and the wool calculated. 

Figure 11a. Carbon Is spectrum from hexafluoroethane plasma polymerized on wool fabric. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 42. Copyright 1976, Dekker.)...

Wang Q, Fan XR, Hu YJ et al. (2009) Antibacterial functionalization of wool fabric via immobilizing lysozymes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 32 633-639... 

Good rinsability of SAE has already been proven by Rein(19). SAE rinses from cotton, polyester/cotton and polyester/wool fabrics as easily as alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants. 

The amount of the individual amino acids released during the enzymatic treatment of wool was monitored by the HPLC method. Moreover, an XPS analysis of enzymatic-modified wool fabric samples and contact angle measurements were performed. The data obtained by the XPS method allowed comparison of the changes in the elemental concentration on the wool surface after enzymatic treatment. The results of the contact angle measurements demonstrated an increase in the wettability of the modified wool surfaces. 

Wool is a natural protein fiber characterized by the scaly structure of its external surface-cuticle (Fig. 1). This structure, i.e. the stiffness of cuticle and smoothness of the epicuticle as well as the ability of wool to contract, causes the shrinking of wool fabric during mechanical washing processes. 

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