Halogen oxides chlorine dioxide

Ammonia, anhydrous Mercury, halogens, hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorine(I) oxide, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous), hydrogen peroxide, chromium(VI) oxide, nitrogen dioxide, chromyl(VI) chloride, sulflnyl chloride, magnesium perchlorate, peroxodisul-fates, phosphorus pentoxide, acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, acrolein, gold(III) chloride... 

Halogen oxides MRH Chlorine dioxide 4.64/76, chlorine trioxide 7.57/60,... 

Nonhalogenated carboxylic acids are also common DBPs from chlorine, chloramines, ozone, and chlorine dioxide [10]. In addition to halogenation reactions that can occur (primarily with chlorine and chloramine), oxidation reactions also occur, and can produce carboxylic acids. There is generally not a concern for toxicity for them, as many are naturally present in foods. 

The valency Of chlorine, bromine, and iodine.—Compounds are known in which the three halogens act as uni-, ter-, quinque-, or septa-valent elements. Usually, however, these elements are univalent. In chlorine dioxide, C102, the chlorine is bi- or quadri-valent.19 In M. Berthelot s hydrogen perchloride, HC13, the chlorine is probably tervalent, and R. Meldola (1888) showed that the oxygen in the hydrochloride of methyl oxide is best regarded as quadrivalent, the chlorine tervalent thus, (CH3)2 0 Cl.H. Iodine also appears to be tervalent in the so-called iodonium compounds. 

Impurities in water treatment chemicals halogenated hydrocarbons in chlorine, oxides of nitrogen from ozonators, chlorates and chlorites from chlorine dioxide, acrylamide monomers. 

Over a dozen oxides of the halogens have boon characterized, many of them quite unstable. Perhaps the most important are chlorine dioxide, CJ02, and iodine pentoxide, I2O5. Chlorine dioxide (boiling point 11° C) is an odd molecule (p. 62), but apparently it shows no tendency to dimerize. Although it has been used as an antiseptic in water purification and as a bleach, it must be handled in diluted form for it is explosive when alone. It is formed, along with HCIO4, when chlorates are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, but a safer preparation involves reduction of a chlorate with oxalic acid. 

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