Of hydrocarbons and fatty

Al-Saad H, Al-Timari A. 1993. Sources of hydrocarbons and fatty acids in sediment from Hor Al-Hammar. Marine Pollution Bulletin 26(10) 559. 

T he rate of metal salt-catalyzed autoxidation of hydrocarbons reaches - a maximum at a certain catalyst concentration (1, 7, 13), and any further increases in this concentration do not accelerate the rate. However, when bromide ion is added to the solution of hydrocarbon and fatty acid with metal salts, the oxidation rate increases over the maximum value of k32(RH)2/2k6 as a function of metal concentration. 

On comparing the chemical composition of hydrocarbons and fatty oils, a certain parallelism between these two groups of products is found. Actually the difference is only due to the presence of a relatively small amount of oxygen in the esters. Thus, in principle, the structural analysis of fatty acid derivatives can be carried out by removing the oxygen and transforming the products into saturated hydrocarbons of... 

Several compounds were also found to have a seasonal distribution. Kubatova et al. (2002) found that concentrations of lignin and cellulose pyrolysis products from wood burning were higher in aerosol samples collected during low-temperature conditions. On the other hand, concentrations of dicarboxylic acids and related products that are believed to be the oxidation products of hydrocarbons and fatty acids were highest in summer aerosols. PAHs, which are susceptible to atmospheric oxidation, were also more prevalent in winter than in summer. These results suggest that atmospheric oxidation of VOCs into secondary OAs and related oxidative degradation products are key factors in any OA mass closure, source identification, and source apportionment study. However, additional work is much desirable to assess the extent and seasonal variation of these processes. 

Gomez-Belinchon, J.I., Llop, R., Grimalt, J.O., and Albaiges, J. (1988) The decoupling of hydrocarbons and fatty acids in the dissolved and particulate water phases of a deltaic environment. Mar. Chem. 25, 325-348. 

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons and Fatty Acids... 

Steber, J., Herold, C.P., Limia, J.M. Comparative evaluation ofanaerobic biodegradability of hydrocarbons and fatty derivatives currently used as drilling fluids. Chemospheie 31(4), 3105-3118 (1995)... 

Chem. Descrip. Blend of hydrocarbons and fatty chemicals... 

Hydrolysis using aqueous alkaH has been found to remove ash material including pyrite. A small pilot plant for studying this process was built at the BatteUe Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio (74) and subsequentiy discontinued. Other studies have produced a variety of gases and organic compounds such as phenols, nitrogen bases, Hquid hydrocarbons, and fatty acids totaling as much as 13 wt % of the coal. The products indicate that oxidation and other reactions as weU as hydrolysis take place. 

Beeswax is the most important wax in the technology of objects of art and antiquity. According to the literature [52,56], beeswax consists of hydrocarbons, free fatty acids and different esters (monoesters, diesters, triesters, hydroxy monoesters and hydroxy polyesters) (Table 5.6). The oligomeric esters are composed of diols and hydroxy acids. The... 

The extracts of three species of male North American decorator wasps, Eucerceris rubripes, E. conata and E. tricolor, were analyzed to reveal the presence of one major component in large quantities. This component detected in the head extract of males was identified as (Z )-3-hexenyl-3-hydroxybutanoate. The structure was confirmed by synthesis and the absolute configuration of the chiral center was determined to be R for the three species. In addition, 2- and 3-hexenoic acid and a few other aromatic compounds were also detected in varying quantities in males and females, along with hydrocarbons and fatty acids. 

P0004 Gelpi, E., H. Schneider, V. M. Doctor, J. Tennison, and J. Oro. Gas chromato-graphic-mass spectrometric identifica-tions of the hydrocarbons and fatty... 

Non-terpenoid hydrocarbons found in essential oils such as short chain alcohols and aldehydes are formed by metabolic conversion or degradation of phospholipids and fatty acids [12]. 

The main components of this layer are generally long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids, as well as smaller amounts of methyl esters, long-chain aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, glycerides, and cholesterol. Similar compounds are present on the web and spider cuticle. It has been established that these compounds may be responsible for the antifungal and antibacterial properties of silk and also play a role in communication. 

Occurrence.—The members of this series of acids are derived from the methane series of hydrocarbons and occur very commonly in nature. In a few cases they are found free as formic acid in ants and nettles and valeric acid in the root of Valeriana. In most cases the acids are combined with alcohols as esters and as such are found in ethereal oils, fats and waxes. This has given them the name fatty acids. 

Ever since, they have been encountered in many sediment extracts, sometimes together with smaller amounts of the corresponding hydrocarbons and fatty acids (J 8). By mere luck, these compounds were also... 

Palmitic and stearic acids are derivatives of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons and therefore are saturated. Oleic acid is unsaturated, having the structure represented by CH3(CH2)7.CH=CH.(CH2)7.COOH. When reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst it is converted to stearic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids are readily oxidized to dihydroxy compounds CH3(CHj),.CH CH.(CHj),C00H + Hj04-0... 

Other compounds released from wood into the wine belong to classes of ellagitannins, lactones, coumarins, polysaccharides, hydrocarbons and fatty acids, terpenes and norisoprenoids, steroids, carotenoids,... 

Long chain hydrocarbons and fatty acids are best known as constitutents of waxes and lipophilic compounds. Some representatives of this natural product group show high antiprotozoal activity but mostly combined with a high levels of toxicity to mammalian cells. One example is traws-aconitic acid (2) that was used in combination with sodium stibogluconate, allopurinol, or pentamidine for experimental visceral leishmaniasis to determine synergistic effects [34]. When these three drugs (50, 15, 8 mM/kg/day, respectively) were used with trans-aconitic acid (5 mM/kg/day) the parasite load in BALB/c mice was inhibited by 100, 88, and 100%, respectively. At tested concentration trans-aconitic acid itself showed an inhibition of 59.2 %. 

Other workers, such as Quinn and Wade (1972), extracted the aqueous samples directly with chloroform and also separated hydrocarbons and fatty acid esters after methanolysis by TLC. The French group of workers (Marty and Saliot, 1974 Daumas et al., 1976 Marty et al., 1979) on the other hand, filtered the aqueous samples before extraction of the filtrate with chloroform to obtain the dissolved lipids. The filter and particulate material... 

Paradis, M. and Ackman, R.G., 1977. Influence of ice cover and man on the odd-chain hydrocarbons and fatty acids in the waters of Jeddore Harbour, Nova Scotia. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 34 2156—2163. 

Tornabene, T.G., Kates, M. and Volcani, B.E., 1974. Sterols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and fatty acids of a nonphotosynthetic diatom, Nitzschia alba. Lipids, 9 279—284. 

Pure oleic acid is a white, pearly, crystalline solid, which fuses to a colorless liquid at 14° (57°.2 F.) it is odorless and tasteless soluble in alcohol, ether, and cold HsSO, insoluble in HiO i sp. gr. 0.808 at 19° (68°.2 F.). Neutral in reaction. It can be distilled in vacuo without decomposition, but when heated in contact with air, it is decomposed with formation of hydrocarbons, volatile fatty acids, and sebacic acid. It dissolves the fatty acids readily, forming mixtures whose consistency varies witli tlie proportions of liquid and solid acid which they contain. The solid acid is but little altered by exposure to air, but when liquid it absorbs O rapidly, becomes yellow, rancid, acid in reaction, and incapable of solidifying when cooled these changes take place the more rapidly the higher the temperature. 

The results obtained are summarized in Table I. Chromatograms of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and fatty acids produced when potassium carbonate, rubidium carbonate, or magnesium carbonate was used as a promoter are presented in Figures 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The fatty acids obtained when a potential fatty-acid precursor (dodec-anal, 1-dodecanol, or 1-pentadecene) is added to a reaction are shown in Figure 5. The mass spectogram of the methyl ester of a n-Cs fatty acid (potassium carbonate- C used as promoter) is presented in Figure 6. 

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