Parasitic Load

One of the most important factors is the intercooler cooling water, which has a profound effect on air manifold temperature. Use of a closed-cycle air-cooling system will increase the cooling water temperature with de-rating of output. In addition, the radiators can add significantly to the parasitic load. The altitude above sea level at which the engine will be located also affects the output due to... 

Harnett, W., Worms, M.J., Grainger, M., Pyke, S.D.M. and Parkhouse, R.M.E. (1990) Association between circulating antigen and parasite load in a model filarial system, Acanthocheilonema viteae in jirds. Parasitology 101, 435-444. 

Resistance and resilience against nematode infections can be influenced by other nutritional approaches. Nutrient supplementation can be used both to ameliorate the effects of infection and to improve host immunity and lower parasite burdens (Coop and Kyriazakis, 1999). Weight gain responses to supplementation could be due to both improved nutrition and reduced parasite loads (Bransby, 1993). Another aspect is that supplementary-fed animals will consume less herbage, resulting in a lower infection pressure (Eysker, 2001). Protein supplementation improves the resilience and resistance... 

Bransby, D. I. (1993). Effects of grazing management practices on parasite load and weight gain of beef cattle . Veterinary Parasitology, 46(1-4), 215-221. 

Rauch, R., Kalbe, M. and Reusch, T.B.H. (2006) Relative importance of MHC and genetic background for parasite load in a field experiment. Evol. Ecol. Res. 8,373-386. 

Fuel cell pressurization is typical of many optimization issues, in that there are many interrelated factors that can complicate the question of whether to pressurize the fuel cell. Pressurization improves process performance at the cost of providing the pressurization. Fundamentally, the question of pressurization is a trade-off between the improved performance (and/or reduced cell area) and the reduced piping volume, insulation, and heat loss compared to the increased parasitic load and capital cost of the compressor and pressure-rated equipment. However, other factors can further complicate the issue. To address this issue in more detail, pressurization for an MCFC system will be examined. 

Evaporative TIC technologies have the minimum installed and operating costs. The operating electric parasitic load is generally considered insignificant. Water chemistry management is crucial to prevent maintenance problems caused by dissolved or suspended matter in the water, fouling either the evaporation media or the turbines themselves. 

The increases in energy, protein and micronutrients in food are one of the factors responsible for improved defence mechanism in the body which decreased the incidence of infectious diseases. These factors have also helped to reduce the parasite load in many countries. The diet has also led to an increase in the size of children, teenagers and adults. 

The power-generating potential of a water-dominated resource depends on the geothermal fluid temperature and production flow rate (Fig. 2). The figure gives the net power output, which accounts for parasitic loads caused by the condenser and feed pump power requirements. The output power from two-phase water-steam or steam alone is much greater than the curves shown for liquid in Fig. 2. 

Reducing other (parasitic) system energy losses. A variety of parasitic loads, such as power conditioning, can be reduced through system redesign and optimization. 

Electrolyzer systems of this scale should be capable of operating with an overall efficiency of 63.5 percent lower heating value [LHV], including all parasitic loads other than compression. The electrolyzer is assumed to be able to generate hydrogen at an internal pressure in the 150 psi range ... 

Huffman, M.A., Gotoh, S., Izutsu, D., Koshimiz, K. and Kalunde, M.S. (1993). Further observations on the use of Vernonia amygdalina by a wild chimpanzee, its possible effect on parasite load, and its phytochemistry. African Study Monographs, 14 227-240. 

Parasites normally inflict some degree of injury to the host, the extent of which depends on such factors as parasite load, nutritional status, and immunologic competence of the host. 

Data has been collected from several air compressor suppliers and from a fuel cell system supplier. The air compressor data provides realistic inputs to estimate the parasitic load placed on the fuel cell stack for pressurized operation. The fuel cell system data is being used to investigate several options to overcome the start-up issues of current fuel cell systems. 

Long chain hydrocarbons and fatty acids are best known as constitutents of waxes and lipophilic compounds. Some representatives of this natural product group show high antiprotozoal activity but mostly combined with a high levels of toxicity to mammalian cells. One example is traws-aconitic acid (2) that was used in combination with sodium stibogluconate, allopurinol, or pentamidine for experimental visceral leishmaniasis to determine synergistic effects [34]. When these three drugs (50, 15, 8 mM/kg/day, respectively) were used with trans-aconitic acid (5 mM/kg/day) the parasite load in BALB/c mice was inhibited by 100, 88, and 100%, respectively. At tested concentration trans-aconitic acid itself showed an inhibition of 59.2 %. 

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