Obesity prevention

World Health Organisation Obesity Preventing and managing the global epidemic. 2000. Technical Report Series. Number 894, 265pp epub http // WWW. who. int/bookorders / index, htm... 

Given the current epidemics of obesity, prevention by education about optimal dietary regimens and eventual correction of abnormal eating behaviors, combined with physical exercise, should be initiated at an early age and continued in old age.53-54... 

WHO, Obesity Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, report of a WHO consultation on obesity, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002. 

WHO 2000. Obesity Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation-World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Set. 894, i-xii, 1-253. 

WHO. Obesity preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva World Health Organization, 1998. 

Sabate, J. and Blix, G., Vegetarian diets and obesity prevention, in Vegetarian Nutrition, Sabate, J., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001, pp. 91-107. 

Local governments have assumed key responsibilities for healthy eating and physical activity in recent years, which they exercise through policy and regulation moreover, obesity prevention is a secondary aim of many councils work on food security, open space for physical activity, and public transport connections. 

A research initiative sought to focus on obesity prevention as an illustration of how knowledge translation in this national public health priority area could make local government efforts more evidence based [48]. Council officers with responsibilities in this area might not have specific or up-to-date knowledge of effective approaches to obesity prevention. In large councils, staff turnover, or in small councils, staff isolation from professional peers, could further limit councils capacity to apply the best available knowledge about obesity prevention to their operations. 

Harvard Obesity Prevention Source consequences/health-effects/> accessed on 20.05.14. 

Prior to this work, dietary fiber, of which ceUulose is oae of the more important constituents, was considered important primarily as a means of preventing or overcoming constipation. Otherwise, dietary fiber was considered to be a metaboHcally iaert substance. A large variety of diseases such as appendicitis, hiatus hernia, gallstones, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, dental caries, and duodenal ulcers are now suspected to be associated with the consumption of a highly refined diet (42). 

NIDDM is a much more common disease than IDDM, accounting for about 85—90% of all cases of diabetes meUitus. Whereas NIDDM may be present at any age, the incidence increases dramatically with advanced age over 10% of the population reaching 70 years of age has NIDDM. Patients with NIDDM do not require insulin treatment to maintain life or prevent the spontaneous occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Therefore, NIDDM is frequendy asymptomatic and unrecognized, and diagnosis requires screening for elevations in blood or urinary sugar. Most forms of NIDDM are associated with a family history of the disease, and NIDDM is commonly associated with and exacerbated by obesity. The causes of NIDDM are not well understood and there may be many molecular defects which lead to NIDDM. 

Globally, undernutrition is widespread, leading to impaired growth, defective immune systems, and reduced work capacity. By contrast, in developed countries, there is often excessive food consumption (especially of fat), leading to obesity and to the development of cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer. Deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and iodine pose major health concerns in many countries, and deficiencies of other vitamins and minerals are a major cause of iU health. In developed countries, nutrient deficiency is rare, though there are vulnerable sections of the population at risk. Intakes of minerals and vitamins that are adequate to prevent deficiency may be inadequate to promote optimum health and longevity. 

Rice bran fiber has fructo-oligosaccharides - a pre-biotic that helps friendly bacteria to proliferate in the gastrointestinal environment and improves intestinal and colon health (Tomlin and Read, 1988). Recent studies in humans (Kahlon and Chow, 1997) have revealed that rice bran fiber not only normalizes bowel function, but also helps in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn s disease, and lowers the lipid levels. Rice bran fiber has been shown to significantly reduce renal stones (Jahnen et al., 1992). It is a good source of fiber in weight loss programs and therapeutic fiber diets for diabetics and heart patients. Fiber diets prevent cancer of the colon and large bowel, control obesity and improve bowel function. 

Tsuda, T. et al., Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-rich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice, J. Nutr, 133, 2125, 2003. 

Additional in vivo studies on the biological activity of proanthocyani-dins investigating a series of behavioral activities (motihty, body weight gain, body temperature, motoric coordination, anticonvulsant effects and central analgesic activities) showed no or only moderate pharmacological effects [53]. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with cocoa pro-cyanidin supplements can dose-dependently prevent the development of hyperglycemia in diabetic obese mice [54]. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and Obesity Trends. CDC. Available at www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/ index.htm accessed March 28,2006. 

The treatment goals for overweight and obesity are to prevent additional weight gain, reduce and maintain a lower body weight, and control related risks. 

Successful management of overweight and obesity is determined by the ability the treatment plan has to (1) prevent weight gain,... 

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2003 112(2) 424M30. 

Preventing childhood obesity Health in the balance. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, September 2004 available at www.iom.edu/report.asp id=22596 Snow V, Barry P, Fitterman N, et al. Pharmacolgic and surgical management of obesity in primary care a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2005 142 525-531. 

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