Sugars, Urinary

NIDDM is a much more common disease than IDDM, accounting for about 85—90% of all cases of diabetes meUitus. Whereas NIDDM may be present at any age, the incidence increases dramatically with advanced age over 10% of the population reaching 70 years of age has NIDDM. Patients with NIDDM do not require insulin treatment to maintain life or prevent the spontaneous occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Therefore, NIDDM is frequendy asymptomatic and unrecognized, and diagnosis requires screening for elevations in blood or urinary sugar. Most forms of NIDDM are associated with a family history of the disease, and NIDDM is commonly associated with and exacerbated by obesity. The causes of NIDDM are not well understood and there may be many molecular defects which lead to NIDDM. 

CH3C0)20 Used for amino acids, steroids, urinary sugars,... 

TI Liquid-chromatographic method for estimating urinary sugars applicability to studies o> intestinal permeability... 

Qualitative Tests for Urinary Sugars Other Than Glucose Fructose (Selivanoff s Test)... 

This method for identifying urinary sugars by paper chromatography is described in the Evolve site that accompanies this book. 

Identification of Urinary Sugars by Thin-Layer Chromatography... 

Mellituria resulting from abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract. In these, urinary sugar is usually found when the individual is on a... 

Urinary sugars found in normal individuals. All of the sugars discussed may be found in the urine of normal individuals under particular circumstances, but the quantity is usually quite small. 

Clinical chemistry values needed for clinical assessment, such as fasting blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate), hemoglobin, and urinary sugar and protein. 

Acetylation of urinary sugars with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate... 

Gas Chromatography and Its Combination with Mass Spectrometry of Urinary Sugar Alcohols... 

Figure 3 shows the total sugar intake and urinary sugar loss according to age. Each age group was divided according to blood sugar levels above or below 150 mg per 100 ml. 

FBS, BUN, Ca, PO, magnesium, proteins and osmolality, were determined every three days and whenever indicated. These values were used to modify electrolyte composition of nutritional solutions. Urinary sugars were monitored with test tape every six hours and insulin given when glucosuria existed. 

Second, in all patients, the glucose concentration of the in-fusate must be increased slowly—sometimes, over a period of several days--in order to allow "adaptation" of the body s glucose-disposing mechanisms. The rate of increase of glucose should be highly individualized and should be dictated by feedback information derived from the measurements of blood and urinary sugar. 

In many respects the metabolism of fructose is different from glucose. This has been revealed over a number of years, but the proportion of papers on fructose since approximately 1945 is unusually large, several of which are reviewed by Hockett 10). Fructose is rapidly removed from the blood and has a low renal threshold in humans 17). Another favorable fact is that the infusion of fructose in hospitalized adults during the post-operative period is followed by a much smaller loss as urinary sugar than with glucose 18). 

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