Nylon/clay

A nylon 66 clay nanocomposite was produced using the dry-compound method [26]. Co-intercalation organophihc clay was used as the clay base. Na-montmorillonite was first processed using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium ions and epoxy resin. It was then kneaded using a twin screw extruder to make a clay nano composite. As the amount of clay that was added increased, the amount of y (gamma) phases increased. This is thought to be due to the strong interactions between the nylon 66 chains and the sinface of the clay layers. 

Nylon apparel Nylon bearings Nylon blends Nylon-cellulose Nylon-clay hybrid Nylon-cotton Nylon-cotton blends Nylon engineering Nylon fibers Nylon hollow fibers Nylon-6,1 [25722-07-0]... 

Nylon-6. Nylon-6—clay nanometer composites using montmorillonite clay intercalated with 12-aminolauric acid have been produced (37,38). When mixed with S-caprolactam and polymerized at 100°C for 30 min, a nylon clay—hybrid (NCH) was produced. Transmission electron microscopy (tern) and x-ray diffraction of the NCH confirm both the intercalation and molecular level of mixing between the two phases. The benefits of such materials over ordinary nylon-6 or nonmolecularly mixed, clay-reinforced nylon-6 include increased heat distortion temperature, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and dynamic elastic modulus throughout the —150 to 250°C temperature range. 

Layered silicates, in nylon-clay nanocomposites, 77 313 Layer-lattice solids, 75 246 Layers, in landfill design, 25 878-879 Lazurite, 79 406... 

Nylon blends, dyeing, 9 204 Nylon block copolymer, 19 762 Nylon carpet fibers, stain-resistant, 19 764 Nylon-clay nanocomposites, 11 313-314 Nylon extrusion, temperatures for, 19 789t Nylon feed yarns, spin-oriented, 19 752 Nylon fiber(s), 24 61 production of, 19 740 world production of, 19 7654 Nylon fiber surfaces, grafting of polymers on, 19 763-764... 

Abstract The development of polymer-clay nanocomposite materials, in which nano-meter-thick layers of day are dispersed in polymers, was first achieved about 15 years ago. Since then, the materials have gradually become more widely used in applications such as automotive production. The first practical nylon-clay nanocomposite was synthesized by a monomer intercalation technique however, the production process has been further developed and a compound technique is currently widely used. A polyolefin nanocomposite has been produced by the compound method and is now in practical use at small volume levels. In this review, which focuses on njdon- and polyolefin-nanocomposites, detailed explanations of production methods and material properties are described. This article contains mainly the authors work, but aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive review that covers the works of other laboratories too. Lastly, the challenges and directions for future studies are included. 

A nylon-clay hybrid (nanocomposite NCH) was originally developed by the authors and was the first polymer nanocomposite to be used practically. Since 1990, when it was first used, various studies and analyses of it have been reported. An excellent review was published in 2003 [1]. In the present review, which focuses on the authors studies, details on the NCH that we reported initially and further developments in polypropylene and polyethylene will be described. In Sect. 2, comprehensive classifications of the production methods developed previously will be described, according to the synthesis method employed. Thereafter, nylon will be discussed in Sect. 3, polyolefin in Sect. 4, and renewable polymer (green polymer) will be discussed in Sect. 5. 

This wet process allows the freeze-dry process to be omitted and the polymerization time to be shortened. Therefore, it has the potential to be used for the mass-production of nylon clay nanocomposites on a commercial basis. 

Figure 28 shows the relationships between the amount of inorganics in the clay and the gas permeability coefficient. The gas permeabiUty coefficient decreased as the amount of added clay increased. The gas barrier performance of PPCN-5 increased by 1.7 times. It has been reported that the barrier performance of the nylon-clay nanocomposites and polymer-clay nanocomposites was improved. This barrier effect is explained as being attributed to the geometrical detour effect of the dispersed nanosized silicates. The barrier effect of PPCN, however, was smaller than that of the nylon-clay nanocomposites. hi the case of the nylon-clay hybrid, the addition of 1.8 wt % of mont-morillonite caused its hydrogen permeability to decrease to 70%. In the case of PPCN, about 3 wt % of montmorillonite must be added to obtain the same... 

NCH Nylon-Clay Hybrid polyamide-6 with montmorillonite particles 0.1-0.2 run diameter nanometer composite developed by Toyota Research Corp. Ube Industries, LuL... 

Over the last two decades, the polymer-clay nanocomposites have been widely investigated as materials exhibiting superior properties, such as high modulus, increased thermal stability, and good gas-barrier characteristics [18-20]. Their development started from the nylon/clay hybrid found by Kamigaito et al. [21, 22] and has extended to various combinations of monomer/nanofiller using more... 

Nanoclays. Nanocomposites are materials that contain nanofillers, or fillers of nanometer dimensions. The successful synthesis of nylon-clay nanocomposites (57-59) ushered in nylon nanocomposites that could attain high modulus, heat distortion temperature, dimensional stabiUty, impermeabiUty, and strength with only a few percent modified clay nanofillers. Although it has been long known that poljuners could be mixed with appropriately modified clay minerals and synthetic clays, the field of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites has gained... 

The nylon-clay nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization in the presence of organically modified, with aminolauric acid, montmorillonite. The reaction between nylon monomer and modified montmorillonite rendered nylon chains end-tethered though aminolauric acid to the silicate surface leading to exfoliated silicates (61). However, not all polymer nanocomposite systems could be produced via in situ polymerization processes because of the chemical sensitivity of polymerization catalysts. Direct melt blending of hydrophilic polymers with montmorillonite in its pristine state or polymers with surfactant-intercalated montmorillonite was found to be possible to deliver polymer intercalated or exfoliated nanocomposites (62,63). 

A third route to induce in situ formation of the polymer is exemplified by the nylon-clay nanocomposites of Fukushima and coworkers at the Toyota Central Research Laboratories (114,153). Their formation requires two steps, each of which involves addition of a monomer required for the condensation reaction. Thus, a protonated ca-aminoacid (e.g., ( NH3-(CH2) -COOH) with n = 2-8,11, 12,18) is first intercalated and in a second step, the reaction, thermally activated, with e-caprolactam generates the nylon-6 nanocomposite (114,154). The interesting mechanical properties of the resulting materials led to their rapid industrial commercialization and probably account in large part for the increasing attention on polymCT-clay nanocomposites at present. 

The mechanisms responsible for the property enhancements are generally accepted as associated with the inhibition of polymer molecular motions near the filler surface. Macroscopic measurements of composite properties show that for the nylon/clay system, basic mechanical properties such as modulus, strength and impact strength cease to improve b ond a concentration of 5 wt% (equivalent to 2 vol%) [1]. If we accept the primary role of filler surface, and therefore filler surface area, the existence of a ceiling on property enhancement... 

Figure 5.109. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs of cryomicrotomed sections of a nylon/clay nanocomposite produced by continuous chaotic blending forms layers of oriented platelets and matrix polymer. (From Zumbrunnen et al. [502, 503] used with permission of the Society of Plastics...

SPS/nylon/clay nanocomposite composition nylon/SPS with maleic anhydride polystyrene compatibilizer SPS/nylon blend containing two different nylons and a compatibUizer SPS/nylon blends formulated for fibers and films... 

A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH lon 6-Qay Hybrid) was originally developed by Usuki and his colleagues and was the first polymer nanocomposite to be used practically. Since 1990 when it was first used, various studies and analyses have been reported. In this chapter, details of the NCH and other nylon-clay nanocomposites will be described. 

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