Nylon 6-clay hybrid

Nylon apparel Nylon bearings Nylon blends Nylon-cellulose Nylon-clay hybrid Nylon-cotton Nylon-cotton blends Nylon engineering Nylon fibers Nylon hollow fibers Nylon-6,1 [25722-07-0]... 

Nylon-6. Nylon-6—clay nanometer composites using montmorillonite clay intercalated with 12-aminolauric acid have been produced (37,38). When mixed with S-caprolactam and polymerized at 100°C for 30 min, a nylon clay—hybrid (NCH) was produced. Transmission electron microscopy (tern) and x-ray diffraction of the NCH confirm both the intercalation and molecular level of mixing between the two phases. The benefits of such materials over ordinary nylon-6 or nonmolecularly mixed, clay-reinforced nylon-6 include increased heat distortion temperature, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and dynamic elastic modulus throughout the —150 to 250°C temperature range. 

A nylon-clay hybrid (nanocomposite NCH) was originally developed by the authors and was the first polymer nanocomposite to be used practically. Since 1990, when it was first used, various studies and analyses of it have been reported. An excellent review was published in 2003 [1]. In the present review, which focuses on the authors studies, details on the NCH that we reported initially and further developments in polypropylene and polyethylene will be described. In Sect. 2, comprehensive classifications of the production methods developed previously will be described, according to the synthesis method employed. Thereafter, nylon will be discussed in Sect. 3, polyolefin in Sect. 4, and renewable polymer (green polymer) will be discussed in Sect. 5. 

Figure 28 shows the relationships between the amount of inorganics in the clay and the gas permeability coefficient. The gas permeabiUty coefficient decreased as the amount of added clay increased. The gas barrier performance of PPCN-5 increased by 1.7 times. It has been reported that the barrier performance of the nylon-clay nanocomposites and polymer-clay nanocomposites was improved. This barrier effect is explained as being attributed to the geometrical detour effect of the dispersed nanosized silicates. The barrier effect of PPCN, however, was smaller than that of the nylon-clay nanocomposites. hi the case of the nylon-clay hybrid, the addition of 1.8 wt % of mont-morillonite caused its hydrogen permeability to decrease to 70%. In the case of PPCN, about 3 wt % of montmorillonite must be added to obtain the same... 

NCH Nylon-Clay Hybrid polyamide-6 with montmorillonite particles 0.1-0.2 run diameter nanometer composite developed by Toyota Research Corp. Ube Industries, LuL... 

Over the last two decades, the polymer-clay nanocomposites have been widely investigated as materials exhibiting superior properties, such as high modulus, increased thermal stability, and good gas-barrier characteristics [18-20]. Their development started from the nylon/clay hybrid found by Kamigaito et al. [21, 22] and has extended to various combinations of monomer/nanofiller using more... 

Okada, A., Kawasumi, M., Usuki, A, Kojima, Y., Kurauchi, T. and Kamigaito, 0.1990. Synthesis and properties of nylon-6/clay hybrids. In Schaefer DW, Mark ]E. eds. Polymer based molecular composites. Pittsburgh. MRS Symposium Proceedings 171 45-50. 

A. Okada, M. Kawasumi, A. Usuki, Y. Kojima, T. Kurauchi and O. Kamigaito, Nylon 6-clay hybrid. In D.W. Schaefer and J.E. Mark (Eds.), Polymer-Based Molecular Composites,, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1990, Vol. 171, p. 45. 

A. Usuki, Y. Kojimaa, M. Kawasumia, A. Okadaa, Y. Fukushimaa, T. Kurauchia, 0. Kamigaitoa, Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid, Journal of Materials Research, vol. 8, pp. 1179-1184,1993. 

Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, A. Okada, T. Kurauchi, 0. Kamigaito, Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid by montmorillonite intercalated with e-caprolactam, Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, vol. 31, pp. 983-986,1993. 

S. M. Vega-Dfaz, F.J. Medellfn-Rodrfguez, S. Sanchez-Valdes, B. E. Flandy,. M. Mata-Padilla,0. Davalos-Montoya, Synthesis and morphological characterization of sodium and calcium clay nanostructured poly(E-caprolactam) [nylon 6] hybrids, The Open Macromolecules Journal, vol. 2, pp. 19-25, 2008. 

Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. J. Mater. Res. 1993, 8 (5), 1185-1189. 

A. Kurauchi, T. Kamigaito, O. Kaji, K. Novel preferred orientation in injection-moled nylon 6-clay hybrid. J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1039-1045. 

A new composite material was introduced in 1987 with the discovery of a nylon-6/clay hybrid (NCH) [201]. The hybrid was prepared by the in situ thermal polymerization of s-caprolactam with 8% or less montmorillonite, the clay material containing 1-nm thick exfoliated aluminosilicate layers. It exhibited a truly nanometer-sized composite of nylon-6 and layered aluminosilicate. Figure 2.14 depicts conceptually the NCH synthesis and its fine structure. The NCH exhibited high modulus, high strength, and good gas-barrier properties. The unique and superior properties led to the commercialization of NCH. It has also created a new class of nanocomposites and worldwide interest. 

Kojima Y., Usuki A., Kawasumi M., Okada A., Kurauchi T., Kamigaito 0.,(1993). "Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid by montmorillonite intercalated with 3- caprolactam". Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Vol.31, p. 983. 

Other than montmorillonite, synthetic mica, saponite and hectorite were used to synthesize a nylon 6-clay hybrid. The nano composites fabricated by using each of these types of clay were called NCH, NCHM, NCHP and NCHH. 

In addition to the nylon and polypropylene that were described here, he hybridization of polyimide [51] has also been achieved, as has polystyrene-clay hybridization [52]. It is hoped that clay hybridization can be used as a standard method for reinforcing resin materials (such as glass fiber). 

Usuki, A., Kojima, Y., Kawasumi, M. et al. 1993. Synthesis of nylon-6 clay hybrid. 

Principia Partners (2005) Polymer Nanocomposites Create Exciting Opportunities in the Plastics Industry Updated Study from Principia. Retrieved on February 10,2011 from Special Chem at http //specialchem4polymers.com/resources/latest/displaynews.aspx id=l%5 Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M et al (1993) Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. J Mater Res 8 1185-1189... 

Kojima Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M et al (1993) Sorptitm of water in nylon 6-clay hybrid. J Appl Polym Sci 49 1259-1264... 

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