Carpet fibers

Most carpets are made of nylon, wool, polypropylene, polyester, or cotton fibers. Silk is used occasionally in expensive carpets and acrylic fibers do not have a significant market share any more. Nylon is the most important carpet fiber because 

Nylon 6 is a more open fiber than nylon 6.6 [1,2] and, therefore, a more difficult fiber to protect against staining. 

Nylon 6,6 can be made dyeable with cationic (basic) dyes as well by incorporating —SO3H or —COOH groups in the polymer. Cationic dyeable nylon is used mainly for styling purposes and has not been a major item in the stain-resist technology. 

A stain-resistant carpet is a system including three essential components  

Nylon fiber designed to reduce soil visibility. The carpet fiber produced by Du Pont has a three-lobal cross section. A carpet fiber made by ICI contained bubbles to hide soil optically. 

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One of the pol3Tners used for carpet fibers is Nylon 6, in which neighboring polymer strands are held together by hydrogen bonds. 

Nylon blends, dyeing, 9 204 Nylon block copolymer, 19 762 Nylon carpet fibers, stain-resistant, 19 764 Nylon-clay nanocomposites, 11 313-314 Nylon extrusion, temperatures for, 19 789t Nylon feed yarns, spin-oriented, 19 752 Nylon fiber(s), 24 61 production of, 19 740 world production of, 19 7654 Nylon fiber surfaces, grafting of polymers on, 19 763-764... 

P.R.176 provides very lightfast polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing products. The samples equal step 6-7 on the Blue Scale. Dry and wet crocking may affect the objects to a certain extent. P.R.176 is also used in polypropylene spin dyeing, especially for coarse textiles, such as carpet fibers, split fibers, filaments, bristles, or tape, but also for finer denier yams. A special pigment preparation for this purpose is commercially available. 1/3 SD samples tolerate exposure to up to 300°C for one minute or up to 290°C for 5 minutes. In terms of lightfastness, 0.1% colorations equal step 5-6 on the Blue Scale, while 2% samples match step 7. 

Most of the PTT application developments to date have focused on textile and carpet fibers because this polyester has a combination of several properties particularly suited for such applications. 

Finally, the fibers are textured for specific applications. They can be twisted, coiled, or even randomly kinked if they are to be used for carpet piling. More than half of the total carpet-fiber market is based on nylon staple and filaments. When nylon is to be blended with other fibers, the filament is cut into staple fiber—short pieces 3—15 centimeters in length— for subsequent spinning. 

For, e. g., the coloration of carpet fibers, the industry currently uses pigments which are added to the polypropylene before the spinning process (also known as solution dyeing ). The use of pigments strongly limits the end producers in the selection of colors, as only a limited variety of colored base fibers can be kept in stock. Moreover, many pigments have a negative influence on the mechanical behavior of the fibers. 

Before World War II, hevea rubber accounted for over 99% of all elastomers used, but synthetic elastomers account for more than 70% of all rubber used today. NR and many synthetic elastomers are available in latex form. The latex may be used, as such, for adhering carpet fibers or for dipped articles, such as gloves, but most of the latex is coagulated and the dried coagulant used for the production of tires and mechanical goods. 

Industrial surfactants find uses in almost every industry, from asphalt manufacturing to carpet fibers, from pulp and paper production to leather processing. Examples of the types of chemicals used as surfactants are fatty alcohol sulfates, alkanolamides, alkoxylates, sulfosuccinates, amines, quaternaries, phosphate esters, acid esters, blockcopolymers, betaines, imidazolines, alkyl sulfonates, etc. 

Carpet fibers are made by chemists in a lab who use a series of chemical reactions, too. Carpet fibers are chemicals called polymers. During the chemical process of polymerization, individual molecules, called monomers, are linked together to form long chains. The prefix mono- means "one" and the prefix poly- means "many." Knowing this makes it easier to remember that monomers (individual molecules) are joined together to make polymers (many monomers joined together). 

Over time, original surface reactants will eventually become depleted and secondary emissions of by-products should be reduced. Many studies have shown that ozone uptake on indoor surfaces tends to decrease with continued exposure, a phenomenon known as aging (Morrison and NazarofF, 2000 Morrison et al., 1998 Reiss et al, 1995a Sabersky, Sinema and Shair, 1973 Simmons and Colbeck, 1990). Further, there is evidence that secondary emission rates also decrease with time. Morrison and Nazaroff (2002) showed that secondary aldehydes on new carpet fibers, in a fixed-bed reactor, could be depleted in a day however, the reactivity of whole carpet was not substantially decreased over the relatively short time periods studied. Wang and Morrison (2006) showed that carpet in older homes... 

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