Clay hybrids

Nylon apparel Nylon bearings Nylon blends Nylon-cellulose Nylon-clay hybrid Nylon-cotton Nylon-cotton blends Nylon engineering Nylon fibers Nylon hollow fibers Nylon-6,1 [25722-07-0]... 

Nylon-6. Nylon-6—clay nanometer composites using montmorillonite clay intercalated with 12-aminolauric acid have been produced (37,38). When mixed with S-caprolactam and polymerized at 100°C for 30 min, a nylon clay—hybrid (NCH) was produced. Transmission electron microscopy (tern) and x-ray diffraction of the NCH confirm both the intercalation and molecular level of mixing between the two phases. The benefits of such materials over ordinary nylon-6 or nonmolecularly mixed, clay-reinforced nylon-6 include increased heat distortion temperature, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and dynamic elastic modulus throughout the —150 to 250°C temperature range. 

Okada, A., Kawasumi, M., Usuki, A, Kojima, Y., Kurauchi, T. and Kamigaito, 0.1990. Synthesis and properties of nylon-6/clay hybrids. In Schaefer DW, Mark ]E. eds. Polymer based molecular composites. Pittsburgh. MRS Symposium Proceedings 171 45-50. 

Usuki, A., Tukigase, A. and Kato, M. 2002. Preparation and properties of EPDM- clay hybrids. Polymer 43 2185-2189. 

The data provided by Toyota Research Group of Japan on polyamide-MMT nanocomposites indicate tensile strength improvements of approximately 40%-50% at 23°C and modulus improvement of about 70% at the same temperature. Heat distortion temperature has been shown to increase from 65°C for the unmodified polyamide to 152°C for the nanoclay-modified material, all the above having been achieved with just a 5% loading of MMT clay. Similar mechanical property improvements were presented for polymethyl methacrylate-clay hybrids [27]. 

FIG. 13 Reduction of the relative permeability coefficient is dependent on the clay platelet aspect ratio in the system of polyimide-clay hybrid with water vapor as the permeate. Each hybrid contains 2 wt% clay. The aspect ratios for hectorite, saponite, montmorillonite, and synthetic mica are 46, 165, 218, and 1230, respectively. (From Ref. 71.)... 

A. Okada, M. Kawasumi, A. Usuki, Y. Kojima, T. Kurauchi and O. Kamigaito, Nylon 6-clay hybrid. In D.W. Schaefer and J.E. Mark (Eds.), Polymer-Based Molecular Composites,, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1990, Vol. 171, p. 45. 

A. Usuki, Y. Kojimaa, M. Kawasumia, A. Okadaa, Y. Fukushimaa, T. Kurauchia, 0. Kamigaitoa, Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid, Journal of Materials Research, vol. 8, pp. 1179-1184,1993. 

Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, A. Okada, T. Kurauchi, 0. Kamigaito, Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid by montmorillonite intercalated with e-caprolactam, Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, vol. 31, pp. 983-986,1993. 

Figure 15.2 (A) XRD patterns of Cloisite Na (a). Thermoplastic starch TPS (b), and the TPS/Cloisite Na" hybrid (c). (Source Park et al., 2002). (B) TEM images of TPS/clay hybrids of different kinds of clay, (a) TPS95/Cloisite Na, (b) TPS95/Cloisite 6A, (c) TPS95/Cloisite 10A, (d) TPS95/Cloisite SOB. (Reproduced with kind permission from Park et al., 2002, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA).

Table 15.1 Tensile properties of TPS/clay hybrids of 5wt.% clay contents...

Figure 15.4 Water vapor permeability behavior of TPS/clay hybrids of different kinds of clays at 24°C. (Reproduced with permission from Park et al., 2002, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA).

NBR-clay hybrids - [GLASSES,ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRIDS] (Vol 12)... 

Bourbigot, S., Devaux, E., and Flambard, X. 2001. Flammability of polyamide-6/clay hybrid nanocomposite textiles. Polym. Deg. Stab., 75(2) 397 102. 

Figure 4.11. Schematic illustration showing the procedure for growth of carbon nanotubes on clay platelets and incorporation of CNT-clay hybrid filler into PA6 matrix for making the PA6/CNT-clay composite. Reprinted with permission from ref (55).

Furthermore, CNT-clay hybrid filler can also be used to prepare polymer nanocomposites by solution based method. Hydrophilic... 

Figure 4.12. (a) SEM image showing typical morphology of the failure surface for PA6 nanocomposite containing 1 wt% CNT-clay hybrid, (b) TEM image of a thin section of the composite. Reprinted with permission from ref (55). 

These clays have been hybridized with diverse structural types of components such as nanoparticles, clusters, complex compounds, polymers, molecules, and ions. Their potential apphcations are found in many fields as inorganic catalysts, adsorbents, ceramics, coatings, and even drug delivery carriers. Various preparation methods have been developed such as pillaring, intercalation, and delamination techniques. The representative examples include organic-clay hybrids," metal oxide-pillared clays, " and bioclay hybrids. ... 

---