Polymer intercalated

Bromley, KM., Patil, A.J., Seddon, A. M., Booth, P. and Mann, S. (2007) Bio-functional mesolamellar nanocomposite based on inorganic/ polymer intercalation in purple membrane (Bacteriorhodopsin) films. Advanced Materials, 19, 2433—2438. 

In order to understand the thermodynamic issues associated with the nanocomposite formation, Vaia et al. have applied the mean-field statistical lattice model and found that conclusions based on the mean field theory agreed nicely with the experimental results [12,13]. The entropy loss associated with confinement of a polymer melt is not prohibited to nanocomposite formation because an entropy gain associated with the layer separation balances the entropy loss of polymer intercalation, resulting in a net entropy change near to zero. Thus, from the theoretical model, the outcome of nanocomposite formation via polymer melt intercalation depends on energetic factors, which may be determined from the surface energies of the polymer and OMLF. 

To overcome the problem of diffusion of cumbersome molecules (such as polymers) into the constrained interlamellar space of LDH, several methods have been employed, which are presented in Fig. 7. According to the general classification established by Schbllhorn et al. [35], there are three principal options to obtain a polymer intercalated inorganic host ... 

Intercalation of polyaniline between MoS2 layers produced nanoscale molecular composites with unusual charge transport properties [119]. Recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and utilization of conducting polymers intercalated into layered solids were surveyed [120],... 

Using a variety of commercial and well-characterized polymers, intercalation has led to a wide variety of nanophase hybrids, many of which had not been previously synthesized using the traditional intercalation approaches. The... 

The wrapping of polymer ropes around MWCNTs occurs in a well-ordered periodic fashion [237]. The authors suggested that the polymer intercalated between the nanotubes, leading to unraveling of ropes and causing a decrease in interactions between the individual CNTs. Moreover, Raman and absorption studies suggested that the polymer interacts preferentially with CNTs of specific diameters or a specific range of diameters [238]. 

Taken in context with previous investigations of polymer relaxations in confined environments the results from these polymer intercalates appear to indicate that cooperative motion precipitously decreases as polymers are confined to extremely narrow slits less than a few nanometers. 

Ruiz-Hitzky, E. Conducting polymers intercalated in layered solids. Adv. Mater. 1993, 5, 334. 

The intercalation of polymer or prepolymer from the solution is described via minimum free energy principle. The driving force of polymer intercalation is the entropy from the solvent desorption. Several researchers investigated the thermodynamics properties of PCN with homo polymeric systems in a confined geometry. However, Lim et al. investigated ternary systems, and explained that the intercalation distance of poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/organic-modified clay (OMMT) nanocomposite is larger than that for the... 

Intercalation materials, in which different nanostructured components are attached to the porous matrix. This is the case of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles generated into zeolites and mesoporous silicates or organic polymers intercalated between laminar hydroxides. 

The general idea underlying the preparation of layered clay-polymer intercalates follows the simple rules of ion exchange. In most cases, the synthesis involves either intercalation of a polymer from solution or a suitable monomer followed by subsequent polymerization. But for more technologically important polymers, both approaches are limited since neither a suitable monomer nor a compatible polymer host solvent system is always available. 

Recently, Vaia et al. [8] reported a new process for direct polymer intercalation based on a predominantly enthalpic mechanism. By maximization of the number of polymer host interactions, the unfavorable loss of conformational entropy associated with intercalation of the polymer can be overcome leading to new intercalated nanostructures. They also reported that this type of intercalated polymer chain adopted a collapsed, two-dimensional conformation and did not reveal the characteristic bulk glass transition. This behavior was qualitatively different from that exhibited by the bulk polymer and was attributed to the confinement of the polymer chains between the host s layers. These types of materials have important implications not only in the synthesis and property areas, where ultrathin polymer films confined between adsorbed surfaces are involved. These include polymer filler interactions in polymer composites, polymer adhesives, lubricants, and interfacial agents between immiscible phases. 

The materials sciences continue to bring forth new electronically conducting solids (2-4). Virtually all of these have possible applications in electrochemical systems. Among the more interesting candidates in recent times have been semiconductors, electronically conducting polymers, intercalation materials, new forms of carbon, and oxide and sulfide compounds, especially the perovskites. A wide variety of applications could arise from these materials, including new or... 

XRD is a rather simple and widely used technique for the characterization of a layered-clay dispersion in a polymer matrix. WAXS analysis was used to quantify the height between adjacent silicate platelets, and subsequently to prove the widening of this distance as the matrix polymer intercalates between the galleries. Changes in the value of 20 reflect changes in the... 

V. Mehrotra and E.P. Giannelis, Metal-insulator molecular multilayers of electroactive polymers intercalation of polyaniline in mica-type layered silicates. Solid State Commun., 11, 155-158 (1991). 

Komori, Y. and Kurada, K. (2000). Layered silicate - Polymer Intercalation Compounds, In Pinnavaia, T.J. and Beal, G.W. (eds). Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites, Wiley, New York. 

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