Norway

Like Denmark, Norway has reportedly banned chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood preservatives (Ottosen et al. 2004, 296). 

Ottosen, L., Pedersen, A. and Christensen, I. (2004) Characterization of residues from thermal treatment of CCA impregnated wood. Chemical and electrochemical extraction, in Environmental Impacts of Preservative-Treated Wood, Florida Center for Environmental Solutions, Conference, February 8-11, Gainesville, Orlando, FL, pp. 295-311. 

Ffnang et al. (2007, 292-293) report that the arsenic discharge limit for industrial wastewaters in Taiwan is 500 pgl-1. 

and Yen, S. (2007) Treatment of high-level arsenic-containing wastewater by fluidized bed crystallization process. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 82(3), 289-94. 

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T. Sevel, E. March and N.H. Pedersen, North Sea Flaw Measurements Workshop, 1995, Lillehammer, Norway... 

It was finally identified in zircon from Norway, by means of X-ray spectroscope analysis. It was named in honor of the city in which the discovery was made. Most zirconium minerals contain 1 to 5 percent hafnium. 

Fishes in the family Salmonidae (trout and salmon) are in high demand, with the interest in salmon being greatest in developed nations. Salmon, mostiy Atiantic salmon, are produced in Canada, Chile, Norway, New Zealand, Scotiand, and the United States. Fishes in the family Cichhdae which includes several cultured species of tilapia, are reared primarily in the tropics, but have been widely introduced throughout both the developed and developing world. 

In cases where zooplankton are reared as a food for predatory larvae or fry, it may be necessary to maintain three cultures. Though wild zooplankton have been used successfully in some instances (eg, in Norway wild zooplankton have been collected and fed to larval Pacific haUbut), the normal process involves culturing algae to feed to zooplankton that are fed to a young shrimp or fish. 

Nickel and Cobalt. Often present with copper in sulfuric acid leach Hquors are nickel [7440-02-0] and cobalt [7440-48-4]. Extraction using an organophosphoric acid such as D2EHPA at a moderate (3 to 4) pH can readily take out the nickel and cobalt together, leaving the copper in the aqueous phase, but the cobalt—nickel separation is more difficult (274). In the case of chloride leach Hquors, separation of cobalt from nickel is inherently simpler because cobalt, unlike nickel, has a strong tendency to form anionic chloro-complexes. Thus cobalt can be separated by amine extractants, provided the chloride content of the aqueous phase is carefully controUed. A successhil example of this approach is the Falcon-bridge process developed in Norway (274). 

Several countries have no specific flavor regulations, eg, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, France, Greece, Jamaica, Luxembourg, Norway,... 

Fig. 4. Classification of flotation machine types and examples of brand names. Numbers indicate countries of origin of machines. 1, United States 2, Germany 3, United Kingdom 4, Norway 5, France 6, Finland 7, Sweden 8, Canada 9, former USSR 10, AustraUa and 11, South Africa. Ref. 15.

The principal producers of aluminum trifluoride in North America are Alcan, Alcoa, and AUiedSignal. It is also produced in other countries, eg, France, Mexico, Norway, Italy, Tunisia, and Japan. Total worldwide production of aluminum trifluoride in 1990 was 400,000 metric tons and the price was 1100/t. In 1993, because of excess recovery of fluorine values, use of energy efficient smelters, and the worldwide economic climate, the price was down to 750/t. 

Norway -Scotland -France -Belgium -Denmark -England and Wales Netherlands -Switzerland -Sweden -Spain -W. Germany -Italy -... 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. initiated a program to develop air-cooled PAFC stacks, containing cooling plates at six-ceU intervals. Full size 100-kW stacks (468 cells, 0.12-m electrode area) were built, and a module containing four of these stacks was tested. An air-cooled stack operated at 0.480 MPa yielded a cell voltage of 0.7 V at 267 m A /cm (187 mW/cm ). Demonstration of this technology is plarmed for a site in Norway. 

A similar process to SMDS using an improved catalyst is under development by Norway s state oil company, den norske state oHjeselskap AS (Statod) (46). High synthesis gas conversion per pass and high selectivity to wax are claimed. The process has been studied in bubble columns and a demonstration plant is planned. 

The Texaco process was first utilized for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from natural gas and oxygen. It was later (1957) appHed to the partial oxidation of heavy fuel oils. This appHcation has had the widest use because it has made possible the production of ammonia and methanol synthesis gases, as well as pure hydrogen, at locations where the lighter hydrocarbons have been unavailable or expensive such as in Maine, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Norway, and Japan. 

Silicates. In 1990, a continuous hydrothermal production plant was started up in Sulitjehna, Norway for manufacture of 9000 m /yr of calcium sihcate [10101-39-0] having average density of 0.255 g/cm. The calcium siUcate is of the xonodite [12141 -77-4] form, Ca Sig02y(0H)2, which can easily be... 

The western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis is perhaps the most destmctive insect enemy of western pine forests. The aggregation pheromone is a mixture of the terpenoid myrcene [123-35-3J (163) from the tree and the frass pheromones exo-hsevicomki [20290-99-7] (164) and frontalin [28401-39-0] (165). The Norway spmce beede Ips tppopraphus converts the tree terpenoid myrcene into the frass pheromone ipsdienol [33628-00-3] (166) and the beedes also produce 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol [115-18-4] and rir-verbenol [473-67-6] (167), all of which are components of the aggregation pheromone. 

Hard coal is more important ia most of the western European countries with the exception of Austria and Italy. No lignitic coal production was iadicated ia 1989 for the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, and the United Kingdom (24). 

Norsk Hydro, Norway electrolytic—seawater, brine, magnesite 55... 

The dehydration process in Norway has as its raw material basis brine from the potash industry of the following average composition 33% MgCl2 1—2% magnesium sulfate [7487-88-9], MgSO 0.5% sodium chloride [7647-14-5], and 0.2% potassium chloride [7447-40-7],... 

J. Sandvik and J. Kr. Tuset, The Solubility of Carbon in Ferrosilicomanganese at 1330—1630°C, The Engineering Research Eoundation, Trondheim, Norway, 1970. 

Zaire, Norway, and the United States (14). It also occurs with calcite, dolomite, apatite, magnetite, and some siUcates. The density of pyrochlore is ca 4.0—4.4 g/cm. The tantalum content usually is low, ca 0.1—0.3% on a metal basis. 

Countries not covered systematically include Brazil, the former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Einland, the former GDR, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Spain, and the former USSR. In addition, patents from some of the systematically covered countries may have been indexed in eadier years. 

E. Hanssen and T. Holt, Rogoland Research Report RF-80/93, Stavanger, Norway, 1993, and references thereiu. 

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