Scandinavian countries Norway Sweden

Screenwashes were typically 50 50 methanol and water but now usually contain typically 10-50% isopropanol although some mixed propanols are also used (w-propanol and isopropanol). In a small number of formulations, ethanol is used in similar proportions to isopropanol. Ethanol is the favoured alcohol in the Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden and Finland) where prices of isopropanol and ethanol are comparable. Methanol is used in the USA, where price is the dominant factor. Some changes are taking place as formulations based on isopropanol/ethanol are now comparable in price to the normal 20-30% methanol-based systems. The green benefits of using ethanol from renewable fermentation sources is also causing a small but discernible shift. 

Canada, United Kingdom, and for comparison, the world. As you can sec, U.S. caffeine consumption is more than 200 milligrams a day per capita (also see Brice Smith, 2002) and in fact may be closing in on 240 milligrams a day per capita (Barone Roberts, 1996 Cauli Morelli, 2005). The U.S. average is at least triple the world average, and over half is from coffee consumption. The dominant contribution of coffee also holds for Canada and the world. Europe has some hea T coffee-drinking countries. The Scandinavian countries—Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway—are the world s top coffee consumers, for example. Austria s coffee consumption is at a similar level (D Amicis Viani, 1993). 

Part IV deals with the northern European periphery, including the three Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. The chapters in this part describe indifference to the periodic system, much as in France, but for different reasons. Chapter 7 (by Anders Lundgren) explains that a long-standing practical and atheoretical tradition of Swedish chemistry was unaffected by the periodic system, with many new elements discovered by Swedish chemists independently of the system. Because Swedish chemists at the time had little interest in theory, they did not require any explanation of the periodicity of the elements. Nor was the periodic system used as a pedagogical tool for textbooks. Lundgren contends that Mendeleev s periodic system might not have been as important as historians of chemistry have traditionally believed. 

Emirates and India, have maximum consumption and these countries share around 60% of the world s consumption. The Scandinavian countries like Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland have around 16% share in the world consumption. The rest of the European countries have 14% share, Japan has 3% share and the USA has 2.5% share in world consumption. Global consumption of cardamom is estimated as 15,000-24,0001 On the other hand, the current domestic demand for small cardamom has been estimated as 11,000 MT (http //www.nmce. com/commodityStudy/Cardamom study, jsp). 

For Scandinavian countries, there are no formally organized documentation centers, but these libraries are good sources of information for their respective countries the University of Copenhagen, Denmark Helsinki University, Finland the Royal Library and the Swedish Institute, Stockholm, Sweden the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 

At present the Scandinavian countries are in the process of reconciling their system among themselves. Denmark, Finland, and Norway now have systems like that of Britain. In Sweden, however, a protocol must be submitted to the Health Ministry for each clinical study to be undertaken. Such a protocol must contain all animal work, including toxicology and, specifically, perinatal toxicology in at least one species. The Health Ministry finally evaluates the evidence after the protocols have been completed and, if it approves, grants permission to market. 

Pulp production and per capita consumption of paper and board for 1992 is shown in Table 8. The United States, Canada, Sweden, Finland, and Norway make up the North American and Scandinavian (NORSCAN) countries and produced about 63% (22.8 million tons) of the world output. Market share is growing for producers in Latin and South America, Western Europe, Asia, and Africa. These areas provide low cost pulp from state-of-the-art mills. Mills in the third world countries often enjoy the benefits of plentiful, fast-growing tree species, such as eucalyptus and tropical pines, and lower operating and labor costs (3). 

The energy systems grouped with the Dutch system are similar to it in principle, but differ in detail. Thus, the ME values of foods may be calculated by different procedures, with different corrections being applied to account for the effects of level of feeding. In addition, the units employed may be MJ of energy rather than unit values. For example, in Switzerland, the units are MJ of NE. Several countries in Scandinavia have adopted NE systems that are based on Kellner s starch equivalent system but now use Scandinavian feed units (Norway and Finland) or fattening feed units (Denmark), although Sweden uses a ME system. 

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