Norway samples

A secondary metabolite produced by Tolypocladium inflation. This fungus was initially isolated in a soil sample collected in Norway. Cyclosporin A is a cyclic undecapeptide. Inside cells, cyclosporine A binds its immunophillin receptor known as cyclophillin. Like the FK506-FKBP12 complex, cyclosporin A-cyclophillin binds and inhibits the protein phosphatase calcineurin. 

Not all these polyether occur together in the same shellfish samples. OA was the major toxin in the mussel specimens from most of the European countries (42), while DTXl was the major toxin in mussel in Japan and in Sogndal, Norway (43). Scallops in Japan show the most complicated toxin profile. Furthermore, the relative ratio of the toxins varied regionally, seasonally, and annually. Pectenotoxins were detected, however, only in Japanese shellfish. Distribution of toxins is summarized in Table I. 

APT, GC and GC-MS Analysis ofNIGOGA Reference Samples (NSO-1 andJR-Ij, 2 May 2003, Applied Petroleum Technology AS, Kjeller, Norway. 

Filter samples can be prepared to airborne workplace concentrations by spiking each filter with aqueous solution containing elements with concentrations gravimetrically traceable to ultrapure metals or stoidiiometricaUy well defined oxides. The amormts correspond for some of the materials to current threshold limit values of contaminants in workroom atmospheres provided that the simulated filter has been exposed to one cubic meter of air. The certified values are based on a gravimetric procedure, i.e. weight per volume composition of the primary reference material dissolved in high purity sub-dis-tiUed acids. The National Institute of Occupational Health in Oslo, Norway, has produced several batches of such materials certified for 20 elements. Additionally, information values are reported for four other elements see Table 6.2. 

Oils The n-alkane series Cg-C, toluene and cyclohexane were purchased from BDH, Poole, UK, each with a stated purity of 99% reagents were used as received. Crude oil samples were obtained from two North Sea fields one located in the Norwegian sector and the other from the UK sector. Stock tank oil from the Gullfaks field was supplied by Statoil, Norway and the other stock tank oil from an undisclosed source. Both crude oils are derived from sandstone formations with reservoir temperatures of 70° and 101°C respectively. 

All types of houses were included in the sampling, except blocks of flats. In the country as a vfoole, less than 20 % of the dwellings are in blocks of flats. In our survey, Oslo, the capital of Norway, is not included and in the remaining part of the population, only about 10 % is living in blocks of flats. 

In Norway, most municipalities have water supplies from surface water. However, a few municipalities have large water works based on drilled wells, and in seme areas, small waterworks, supplying a few households each, are relatively canton. In order to study the household water as a Rn source, water samples from tap water from 58 wells were analysed. Seme of these wells were supplying whole municipalities and seme of them only one or two households. In Table III, the distribution of Rn-222 concentration in the wells studied is shown together with the number of people supplied by the wells. 

Of all of the machines used for microanalysis LAMMA seems to be the most problematic. A laser beam is used to disintegrate a spot in the sample, and the material emitted is then analyzed in a mass spectrometer. It has similar lateral resolution to PIXE, and like SIMS can be used to distinguish between isotopes of the same element. It has, however, proved very difficult to quantify, and is destructive to the specimen. One recent investigation (13) ofthe distribution of stable isotopes of calcium, magnesium, and potassium in Norway spruce used three microprobes EDAX at 0.3 pm lateral resolution isotope specific point analysis, using LAMMA at 1.5 pm lateral resolution and isotope specific imaging using SIMS at 1-3 pm lateral resolution. 

Thulium - the atomic number is 69 and the chemical symbol is Tm. The name derives from Thule, the earliest name for the northern most part of the civilized world - Scandanavia (Norway, Sweden and Iceland) . It was discovered in 1879 by the Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve in a sample of erbium mineral. It was first isolated by the American chemist Charles James in 1911. 

About four years later in 1819, the Reverend Hans Morten Thrane Esmark (1801— 1882), an amateur mineralogist, found a black mineral in Norway and gave a sample of it to his father, a geology professor, for analysis. Unable to identify it, Professor Jens Esmark sent the sample for chemical analysis to Berzelius, who found that it contained 60% of a new type of earth oxide not recognized before. It was identified as the mineral thorite (ThSiO ). Berzelius reported his discovery in an 1829 publication and retained the name thorium, in honor of Thor, the Norse god of war. Berzelius is thus credited with thorium s discovery. 

Thomsen C, Lundanes E, Becher G (2001) Brominated flame retardants in plasma samples from three different occupational groups in Norway. J Environ Monit 3 366-370... 

Fig. 8. BPR spectra of [3Fe-xS] clusters in oxidized hydrogenases, showing th influences of weak Ni-Fe-S electron-spin interactions, (a) Desulfovibrio desulfurican (strain Norway 4) hydrogenase, showing the spectrum of an isolated [3Fe-xS] cluster (b Chromatium vinosum hydrogenase the outer lines (Signal 2) correspond to interactio with Ni(lH) (c) Paracoccus denitrificans hydrogenase (d) Alcaligenes eutrophu membrane-bound hydrogenase. Spectra were recorded at approximately 20 K. Sample were provided by K. K. Rao, J. Serra, and K. Schneider.

Figure 2. Bone materials in archaeological site contexts. Fractured, iron-stained bone sample from Room D4a, Kongshavn multiroom house complex, Finnmark, northern Norway (transmittedplane polarized illumination).

A radiation-induced signal can be detected in the exoskeleton of Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) (Stewart etal., 1992) and other species of prawn and shrimp (Morehouse and Desrosiers, 1993). In the case of Norway lobster, the signal in both irradiated and unirradiated cuticle is complex because of the presence of the six resonance peaks due to Mn2+. In the irradiated samples there is an additional free radical peak in the centre of the Mn2+ signal at 349.5 mT (Figure 6). This signal is more easily seen when the... 

The shape of the radiation-induced signal was similar in different components of the exoskeleton of Norway lobster but the intensity of the peak varied (Stewart etal., 1993a). Consequently, the part of the cuticle used for EPR analysis will not affect identification of irradiation treatment but could influence the estimation of dose in samples of unknown processing history. 

The second case-control study from Norway (Biong et ah, 2006) was published in 2006. In this study, 112 myocardial infarction cases and 107 controls were enrolled. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were drawn within 4 days of the myocardial infarction and the fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue was analyzed. The study reported that the proportion of 15 0 in adipose tissue was inversely related to the risk of a first myocardial infarction. Also, other fatty acids (14 0, 14 1, and 17 1) associated with the intake of milk fat were inversely related to a first myocardial infarction. Most of these relationships remained (all except between 14 0 and MI) after adjustment for age, sex, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, and family history of CHD. 

The protein-based control samples used were Quality Serum, Abtrol, Nortrol and Select-ion Electrolyte Controls (level high, normal, low) supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Finland, and Seronorm (Human), Pathonorm L and H by Sero AS, Norway. Water-based Calibrators (Cal 1, 2 and 3) were provided by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Finland. 

North Bull Island salt marsh, Dublin Bay, Ireland top 20 cm of soil core samples Norway surface sediments in 210 lakes... 

PBDEs have been studied in river, lake, and marine sediment samples all over the world, and the concentration of the EPBDE and BDE-209 are dependent on the sampling locations. In Europe, the highest BDE-209 concentration was found in the River Mersey, UK (at 1700 ng/g) [49]. At the other end of the scale, a sediment core taken from Drammenfjord in 1999 near Oslo, Norway [52] showed a total surficial PBDE concentration of 3.1 ng/g, which is lower than the total PBDE concentrations measured in all of the Great Lakes, even in Lake Superior. Incidentally, globally, the highest BDE-209 level (at 6000 ng/g) was found in estuarine sediment from the Kansai re-... 

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