Morphological analysis

Morphological studies were performed by SEM observations of PEDOT-PSS/PVAc composites of electrospun nanofibers and the samples for the SEM measurements are coated with gold. 

The thickness of the gold coating was about 30 nm. Diameters of nanofibers were calculated using image J software. SEM images show that morphology of the nanofiber mats of PEDOT-PSS/PVAc composites changed with different amounts of PEDOT-PSS. SEM pictures of electrospun nanofibers are presented in Fig. 5.15a-g. 

According to the SEM images, the diameters of the PEDOT-PSS/PVAc nanofibers are dependent on initially added PEDOT-PSS concentrations in the solution mixture. At least 100 fiber diameters were measured for each sample. The diameter of PEDOT-PSS/PVAc fibers was larger than for pure PVAc fibers. The average nanofiber 

Experiments have shown that a minimum viscosity for polymer solution is required to yield fibers without beads, the solution of the PI.50 sample was determined the best electrospinning solution because of the continuous electrospinning process for this study. 

The initial step in the method involves breaking the problem down into the important functional areas, dimensions or sequential process. This method is best illustrated using an example. For the purpose of this exercise let us consider the area of liquid crystal displays in the electronics industry (Table C4). 

Even this very simplified version of the LC Display area produces 3 x 5 x3 x 5 = 225 combinations. By applying additional business constraints, for instance time to market, cost, profits etc. it is easy to see how the number of combinations can rapidly increase. 

Monomeric Twisted nematic Simple matrix Direct 

Polymeric side chain Super twisted nematic X-Y Matrix Projection 

Polymeric backbone Chiral smectic Active Matrix Flat panel 

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Field ion microscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy (morphology analysis, etc.) L.E.E.D. (structure)... 

The next steps consist of the extraction and normalization of terms from the zoned input document. To this end, we apply standard natural language processing techniques and normalize the extracted terms to their canonical form with string manipulations and morphological analysis. The former refers to the treatment of symbols (e.g., dashes), and the latter refers to variations of words due to inflection (e.g., plurals). These steps of information extraction rely on, and make extensive use of, our terminologies and ontologies. 

Lebot and Levesque s 1989 work was based upon an exhaustive collection of plant material. Piper wichmannii was obtained from Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, which comprises its natural range. Piper methysti-cum was collected from cultivated plots on three islands representing Micronesia, eight representing Melanesia, and 24 from Polynesia. In all, more than 240 individual plant acquisitions were subjected to chemical and morphological analysis. 

Free software for morphological analysis in 2D and 3D systems is available at http //www. ichf.edu.pl/Dep3.html or http //www.ichf.edu.pl/mfialkowski/morph.html. 

Gaffet, E., Tachikart, M., El Kedim, O., and Rahouadj, R., Nanostructural materials formation by mechanical alloying-morphologic analysis bases on transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations, Mater. Charact. 36, 185, 1996. 

Identification of these cell types is based on the morphological analysis of cells, staining for peroxidase and analysis by light and electron microscopy. Of every 100 nucleated cells in the marrow, 2 are myeloblasts, 5 are promyelocytes, 12 are myelocytes, 22 are metamyelocytes and band cells and 20 are mature neutrophils. These values are somewhat variable and may differ between individuals. Thus, about 60% of all marrow cells are of the neutrophil lineage. 

Allen, T. Particle Size Measurement, Volumes 1 and 2. 5th edn. (Chapman and Hall, London, 1997) Beddow, J. K. Particle Characterization inTechnology, Vol I Application and. Micro-analysis, Vol 2 Morphological Analysis. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1984)... 

At 24 hours, a strong decrease in the number of topi-positive cells and in topi staining intensity appeared in tumors treated with irinotecan, whereas there was almost complete disappearance of topi staining in tumors treated with edotecarin (Figure 11D). Morphologic analysis of treated samples show absence of mitotic figures after both treatments (mitotic index 2% in controls, 0% in treated samples data not shown). 

Morphological analysis of the nanoparticle suspensions by SEM showed a homogeneous distribution of spheroidal particles with diameters less than 1 pm embedded in a continuous matrix (Figure 4) consisting of polymeric material not incorporated within the microspheres. 

Phenotypic and morphologic analysis of fetal liver cells has shown that main population is represented by cells-precursors of erythroid row of various degrees of commitment (glycophorin-A -positive cells). Cells of erythroid lineage make up to 90% of total number of hemopoietic cells. Content of CD34 cells in total cell suspension of fetal liver made 1-2%, CD45 cells 2-4%, CD133 cells 0.4-0.7%. 

Shindo, D. Murakami,Y. Hirayama,T. (1998) Application of electron hologram to morphological analysis of spindle-type hematite particles, Mater. Transact. JIM 39 322-324 Shindo, H. Huang, P.M. (1984) Catalytic effects of manganese (IV), iron(III), aluminum, and silicon oxides on the formation of... 

Mather BD, Elkins CL, Beyer FL, Long TE. Morphological analysis of telechelic ureidopyr-imidone functional hydrogen bonding linear and star-shaped poly(ethylene-co-propylene)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007 28 1601-1606. 

This assumption is based on the fact that PTFE agglomerates are soft and deformable particles in comparison to conventional (hard) fillers such as carbon black and silica for which (2) was originally derived. Morphological analysis (shown in Fig. 5) reveals that PTFE agglomerates can be considered as soft deformable particles. 

Hughes, D. A, Kempson, M. G., Carter, N. P., and Morris, P. J (1988) Immuno-gold-silver/Romanowsky staining simultaneous immunocytochemical and morphological analysis of fine-needle aspirate biopsies. Transplant. Proc 20, 575,576... 

It follows from the above that deviations from parallel variation in abrasiveness and hardness are the outcome of the inaccuracy of measurement, increasing with hardness. Attention should be paid in particular to the microstructure of the material under test in the area of the indentation, and the degree of brittleness should be estimated on morphological analysis... 

Fig. 1.7. Interrelationships of the Monogenea. An extensive morphological analysis by Boeger and Kritsky (2001) is largely supported by a preliminary molecular analysis by Olson and Littlewood (2002). In each case, the Monogenea were treated as monophyletic although it is possible that the Monopisthocotylea (Polyonchoinea) and Polyopisthocotylea (Heteronchoinea) form a paraphyletic Monogenea (see text).

Combined molecular and morphological analysis involves compromise, usually in the preservative solution used. Molecular analyses perform best on ethanol-preserved material, but the alcohol renders the specimens rather hard and suboptimal for microscopic examination. The use of solutions that assist subsequent microscopic examinations, such as formalin, can result in specimens that are difficult or impossible to use for molecular work, so the... 

Harris, P.D., Cable, J., Tinsley, R.C. and Lazarus, C.M. (1 999) Combined ribosomal DNA and morphological analysis of individual gyrodactylid monogeneans. Journal of Parasitology 85, 188-191. 

Johnson, L. C. Morphological analysis in pathology The kinetics of disease and general biology of bone. In Bone biodynamics (ed. H. M. Frost), pp. 543-654). Boston Little Brown and Comp. 1964. 

In addition, to detect the various types of motion displayed by a moving particle within a trajectory, the MSD must be taken over subregions of the trajectory. Otherwise, the MSD over the full trajectory would result in an averaging effect over all modes of motion. The careful description of the various modes of motion within one trajectory requires the separation of the trajectory in several parts, e.g., manually according to morphological differences or by velocity thresholds [37,41]. A careful trajectory analysis also includes a morphological analysis of the trajectory pattern and should include more information than the shape of the MSD or effective diffusion coefficient curves. Particles showing hop diffusion may fulfil all analysis criteria for diffusive motion whilst the hop diffusion pattern is only visible in the trajectory [41]. 

Figure 2.6 The figure shows the different types of analyses that can be performed on chemical imaging data. The types of analyses that are performed can be grouped into three categories component abundance estimation, statistical analysis of component distribution, and morphological analysis of discrete particles. All three analyses are used to make inter- and intrasample comparisons, generating abundance and content uniformity estimates, sample heterogeneity and blend uniformity characterization, as well as domain statistics and domain size uniformity data.

Marumo, Y. and Yanai, H. (1986). Morphological analysis of opal phytoliths for soil discrimination in forensic-science investigation. J. Forensic Sci. 31,1039-1049. 

The superparamagnetic resonance, assisted by computer simulations, provides a new method of morphological analysis of magnetic nanoparticles. 

Morphological analysis showed different sizes for polyhedra produced from cell culture and caterpillar (Bonning et al., 1995). On other hand, the polyhedra number is inversely proportional to cell size (Federici, 1986). In addition, the polyhedra produced in vitro is more sensitive to detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) treatment than polyhedra produced in vivo (Lua et al., 2003). All these differences may be related to biochemical differences observed between the infected cells in vitro and in vivo (Bonning et al., 1995). Another characteristic of polyhedra produced in vitro is the so-called passage effect , which is discussed below. 

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