Particle morphology shape analysis

The parameters mentioned above for shape analysis are straightforward to obtain. As computing technology has advanced, so have the descriptors that have been used to describe particles. Kaye proposed the use of fractal dimensions in describing particulate solids.27 Leurkins proposed the application of the morphological variational principle to describe particle shape that states 25... 

Meloy, T. P. (1977), Fast Fourier transforms applied to shape analysis of particle silhouettes to obtain morphological data, Powder Technology, 17, 27-35. 

Ehrlich, R., and Full, W. E. (1984), Fourier shape analysis—a multivariate pattern recognition approach, in Beddow, J. K., Ed., Particle Characterization in Technology, Vol. II, Morphological Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Particle shape analysis can be carried out using pattern recognition techniques [11-14] in which input data are categorized into classes. The potential use of these techniques [15] and the use of the decision function in morphological analysis have been introduced. There are two points... 

The microstructure and particle morphology (size, shape, and surface roughness) of the colloids were studied with 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and static and dynamic light scattering. 

The product of interaction of aluminum with nitrogen is gray powder with nitrogen content up to 32 wt%. Particles have shape of needles or balls and, according the results of chemical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the powder contains traces of metallic aluminum. Such morphology of powder particles suggests that the nitride particles grow from liquid phase (probably liquid aluminum particles). 

Since Zn2+ ion does not hydrolyze as readily as cations of higher charge, bases need to be added in order to initiate precipitation by forced hydrolysis. Particles of different morphologies, including spheroids and ellipsoids, formed in the presence of different weak bases on heating solutions of zinc salts (Figure 1.1.16) (110). Dispersions of narrow size distributions resulted under specific reactant concentrations as shown in Figure 1.1.17 (110). X-ray diffraction analysis showed all particles of different shapes to be composed of zincite, ZnO. 

Eor our purposes, the relevant point to emphasize is that the different lead pigments yield different reductive responses [126], Detailed electrochemical analysis indicated that, for a given electrolyte and material, the peak potential and the morphology of the cathodic signals depend slightly on the shape and size distribution of solid particles [73-78]. 

The solid-state properties like crystallinity, polymorphism (crystal structure), shape (morphology), and particle size of drugs are important in the stability, dissolution, and processibility of drugs. Some commonly used methods in solid-state studies include microscopy, hot stage microscopy with polarized light, x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared FTIR/Raman, and solid-state NMR. 

In addition, to detect the various types of motion displayed by a moving particle within a trajectory, the MSD must be taken over subregions of the trajectory. Otherwise, the MSD over the full trajectory would result in an averaging effect over all modes of motion. The careful description of the various modes of motion within one trajectory requires the separation of the trajectory in several parts, e.g., manually according to morphological differences or by velocity thresholds [37,41]. A careful trajectory analysis also includes a morphological analysis of the trajectory pattern and should include more information than the shape of the MSD or effective diffusion coefficient curves. Particles showing hop diffusion may fulfil all analysis criteria for diffusive motion whilst the hop diffusion pattern is only visible in the trajectory [41]. 

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