Subject morphological analysis

Lebot and Levesque s 1989 work was based upon an exhaustive collection of plant material. Piper wichmannii was obtained from Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, which comprises its natural range. Piper methysti-cum was collected from cultivated plots on three islands representing Micronesia, eight representing Melanesia, and 24 from Polynesia. In all, more than 240 individual plant acquisitions were subjected to chemical and morphological analysis. 

The second important application of a morphological table in the context of comparison is the determination of novelty of a new design concept with respect to a known one. In fact, the Author has conducted research on the subject, and his PhD student Kenneth Shelton (2007) has developed a sophisticated novelty assessment method (Shelton 2008) with roots in morphological analysis. This method has been applied in the area of the conceptual design of global communication satellite systems. Unfortunately, because of the complexity of such systems and their sophistication, this application cannot be presented here, but it can be found in (Shelton 2008). 

PVDP Is a crystalline polymer that has offered interesting and fruitful subjects for analysis to many scientists in the entire domain on engineering plastics since about 1975, Both crystallization and morphology of the polymer are Important features for the polymer properties and the richness of the morphological behavior is not surpassed by any other polymer (3). It has the characteristic stability of fluoropolymers when exposed to harsh thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet environments. The alternating CH and CF groups in the chain contributes to the unique polarity that influences its solubility and electric properties. 

At first, we designed a grammar for general use (by systems with several contexts) based on the morphological analysis used in the sentences of the Portuguese language and made of many rules that determines, for example, verbs, subjects, treatments, pronouns and articles. Thus the rule that defines an article comprises other two subrules for definite articles and indefinite articles. In the end the grammar has a total of 64 sub-rules and 167 terminal symbols. 

The desorption laser can be tracked across the surface of the meteorite so the plume of molecules can be associated directly with internal structures and morphology on the meteorite surface. The internal morphology of a meteorite is accessed by cleaving the sample in an ultraclean environment to prevent terrestrial contamination, followed by the laser desorption analysis. Nearly all meteorites have been studied in this way producing a mature field of research, however, the details of just two meteorites will be discussed in some detail. The Murchison and ALH84001 meteorites have provoked considerable interest, particularly the Antarctic meteorite ALH84001, which was the subject of a NASA announcement regarding life on Mars. 

In this chapter, we will survey the kinds of solid supports (substrates) and surface chemistries currently used in the creation of nucleic acid and protein microarrays. Which are the best supports and methods of attachment for nucleic acids or proteins Does it make sense to use the same attachment chemistry or substrate format for these biomolecules In order to begin to understand these kinds of questions, it is important to briefly review how such biomolecules were attached in the past to other solid supports such as affinity chromatography media, membranes, and enzyme-linked immxm-osorbent assay (ELISA) microtiter plates. However, the microarray substrate does not share certain unique properties and metrics with its predecessors. Principal among these are printing, spot morphology, and image analysis they are the subjects of subsequent chapters. 

Fred s courage, and his capability to delve into multidisciplinary problems involving a range of subjects from physical chemistry to cellular biology, are clearly reflected in his penetrating analysis and discussion in an article on the morphology and biogenesis of cellulose and plant cell-walls. This article unfolded more than a century of multidisciplinary developments in a critical and coherent manner that constituted a hallmark in cellulose... 

Food authentication is one of the major areas involved in food quality and safety. Several regulations have been implemented to assure correct information and to avoid species substitutions (26). Food species identification has traditionally relied on morphological/anatomical analysis. However, this is a difficult task in the case of closely related species and especially for those products that have been subjected to processing practices. Therefore, there is a strong need for fast and reliable molecular identification methods that provide authorities and food industries the tools needed to comply with labeling and traceability requirements, thus ensuring product quality and protection of the consumer. 

For the analysis of NCM electrical resistance the NCM samples obtained by the arc-discharge method were taken. A part of the samples was subjected to thermochemical treatment in order to change its structure and phase composition. The X-ray diffraction analysis and TEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology NCM [3], The structure and phase composition of each sample are described in Table 1. Evidently, the ratio of ordered (CNT) to disordered phase contents increases from sample I to sample V. Besides the particles of nanographite were found in two last samples. 

However, the morphological information is often neglected this is partly due to the subjectivity of microscopic observation and the difficulty to quantify the information. The approach to overcome this problem is the use of automated computer-based image analysis of micro-images (see the chapter on image analysis in this issue). 

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