Nanofibers morphological analysis

The solvent selected for PMMA and GO was a 2 1 mixmre of AfA -dimethylforma-mide (DMF) and THF. Mixture analysis was conducted and validated with the experimentally observed nanofiber morphology and dispersion to determine the optimum level for the three constituents of the electrospinning solution, namely, PMMA, GO, and DMF + THF. 

Yeom et al. [24] reported the fabrication of PA-6 nanofiber membranes incorporated with boehmite nanoparticles as an electrostatic charging agent. The morphology analysis showed that the average fiber diameter of PA-6 nanofibers was 73 nm and the boehmite nanoparticles had little effect on the fiber diameter (Fig. 12.9a). They investigated the filtration performances of discharged,... 

Products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and broadband dielectric/impedance spectroscopy (BDS). New absorption bands were observed corresponding to the conjugated pol5mieric units by FTIR-ATR and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The influence of concentration of PEDOT-PSS and PEDOT on the composite electrospun nanofibers was studied by EIS. Morphologies of electrospun nanofibers were also investigated by SEM. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the very useful microscopic methods for the morphological and structural analysis of materials. Larena et al. classified nanopolymers into three groups (1) self-assembled nanostructures (lamellar, lamellar-within-spherical, lamellar-within-cylinder, lamellar-within-lamellar, cylinder within-lamellar, spherical-within-lamellar, and colloidal particles with block copolymers), (2) non-self-assembled nanostructures (dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, polymer brushes, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, porous materials, and nano-objects), and (3) number of nanoscale dimensions [uD 1 nD (thin films), 2 nD (nanofibers, nanotubes, nanostructures on polymeric surfaces), and 3 nD (nanospheres, nanocapsules, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, self-assembled structures, porous materials, nano-objects)] [153]. Most of the polymer blends are immiscible, thermodynamically incompatible, and exhibit multiphase structures depending on the composition and viscosity ratio. They have two types of phase morphology sea-island structure (one phase are dispersed in the matrix in the form of isolated droplets, rods, or platelets) and co-continuous structure (usually formed in dual blends). 

For ESs, FTIR is usually used with TEM, SEM, XRD, BET and other techniques to characterize electrode materials. For example, FTIR is used to examine and chemically confirm the presence of uniform ultrathin polymer layers formed on carbon nanofiber electrodes [52]. FTIR, SEM, and XRD are also used to study surface morphologies of materials, for example, surface changes created during activation of polyacrylonitrile thin films deposited on carbon fibers. Other examples include analysis of CNT electrodes after polyaniline... 

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