Methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene resins

Takahashi, J. Watanabe, H. Nakamoto, J. Arakawa, K. Todo, M., In-Situ Polymerization and Properties of Methyl Methacrylate-Butadiene-Styrene Resin with Bimodal Rubber Particle Size Distributions. Polym. J. 2006, 38,... 

The term MBS refers to methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene resins, where methyl methacrylate has replaced the acrylonitrile in ABS. When dispersed in poly (vinyl chloride), a refractive index match can be obtained, which combines high clarity with impact resistance. 

Phenolic products, especially sterically hindered phenols, are widely used throughout the PVC industry - for instance, as chain-stoppers and antioxidants in PVC polymerisation, to terminate the reaction and prevent degradation of the virgin resin in the stripper and dryer. Methyl methacrylate butadiene-styrene (MBS), a frequently used impact modifier for rigid PVC, needs highly efficient protection against oxidative degradation... 

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymer is a stiff, rather brittle plastic with a glass temperature of about 80°C. While somewhat more ductile than polystyrene homopolymer, it is still important to blend PVC with elastomer systems to improve toughness. For example, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) elastomers can impart impact resistance and also optical clarity (see Section 3.3). ABS resins (see Section 3.1.2) are also frequently employed for this purpose. Another of the more important mechanical blends of elastomeric with plastic resins is based on poly(vinyl chloride) as the plastic component, and random copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile (AN) as the elastomer (Matsuo, 1968). On incorporation of this elastomeric phase, PVC, which is ordinarily a stiff, brittle plastic, can be toughened greatly. A nonpolar homopolymer rubber such as polybutadiene (PB) is incompatible with the polar PVC. Indeed, electron microscopy shows... 

Acrylic resin Acrylonitrilefbutadiene/styrene copolymer Bis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite Butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer EthyleneA/A copolymer Methoxyethyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate butadiene styrene terpolymer Polyethylene elastomer, chlorinated 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methylmethyl ester, polymer with 1,3-butadiene and butyl 2-propenoate impact modifier, PVC rigid EVA/PVC graft polymer impact modifier, recycled polyamides EPDM, maleated impact modifier, thermoplastics Butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer impact strength modifier PEG-6 trimethylolpropane impact-resistance lights Polyester carbonate resin impact-resistance, lights Polyester carbonate resin impeller... 

Fig. 4.17 Izod impact strength at room temperature as a function of diameter of elastomeric particles in methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer used for toughening polyvinyl chloride resin...

The main use of methyl methacrylate (-80%) is the production of poly methyl methacrylate. Methyl methacrylate is also used for the production of the copolymer methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene, which is used as a modifier for PVC. Methacrylates polymerize easily to produce resins and polymers with excellent performance characteristics, including exceptional optical clarity, strength, and durability, especially in aggressive weather or corrosive environments. It can also be copolymerized with other monomers to form a broader range of products typically used for paints, coatings, and adhesives. 

Besides the MBS materials, related terpolymers have been prepared. These include materials prepared by terpolymerising methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of polybutadiene (Toyolac, Hamano 500) methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of a butadiene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (XT Resin), and methylacrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile on to a butadiene-styrene copolymer. 

The mechanical degradation and production of macroradicals can also be performed by mastication of polymers brought into a rubbery state by admixture with monomer several monomer-polymer systems were examined (10, 11). This technique was for instance studied for the cold mastication of natural rubber or butadiene copolymers in the presence of a vinyl monomer (13, 31, 52). The polymerization of methyl methacrylate or styrene during the mastication of natural rubber has yielded copolymers which remain soluble up to complete polymerization vinyl acetate, which could not produce graft copolymers by the chain transfer technique, failed also in this mastication procedure. Block and graft copolymers were also prepared by cross-addition of the macroradicals generated by the cold milling and mastication of mixtures of various elastomers and polymers, such as natural rubber/polymethyl methacrylate (74), natural rubber/butadiene-styrene rubbers (76) and even phenol-formaldehyde resin/nitrile rubber (125). 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile). See Styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer Poly (styrene-co-allyl alcohol). See Styrene/allyl alcohol copolymer Poly (styrene-co-butadiene). See Styrene/butadiene polymer Poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene). See Styrene/DVB copolymer Poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride). See Styrene/MA copolymer Poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate). See Styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer Poly (styrene-co-a-methylstyrene). See Styrene/a-methyl styrene resin Poly (styrene-divinylbenzene). See Styrene/DVB copolymer Polystyrene, expandable Synonyms EPS Expandable polystyrene Expanded polystyrene XPS Definition Amorphous PS beads contg. pentane as a blowing agent and coated with a lubricant the polymer is converted to foamed articles with a closed cell structure by applic. of steam Properties Beads (0.4-1.5 mm diam.)... 

Styrene/butadiene polymer Styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer Styrene/a-methyl styrene resin Tall oil rosin Tallow amide Terpene resin Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Trimethylolpropane Urea-formaldehyde resin Urea-formaldehyde resin, butylated Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer Vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer coatings, food-contact acrylate ester copolymer Sodium borate... 

Polymers Resins IV Acrylontrile-Butadiene-Sty-rene. Methyl Methacrylate-Acrylonitrile, Methyl Methacrylate-Butadiene, Polystyrene, Styrene Acrylonitrile, Polyethylene Terephthalate 07/31/97... 

Chapter 6, Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Resin, from LG Chem, describes subjects of particular cmrent importance, including flame retardant, transparent, heat resistant, and weatherable grades, especially ABS alloys such as ABS/PC, ABS/PVC, ABS/PA, and ABS/poly(methyl methacrylate). Flame-retardant compounds are used for components in electrical and electronic products, housings for computer monitors, printers, and copiers. The chapter provides special attention to environmental... 

Acrylics. Acetone is converted via the intermediate acetone cyanohydrin to the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) [80-62-6]. The MMA is polymerized to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to make the familiar clear acryUc sheet. PMMA is also used in mol ding and extmsion powders. Hydrolysis of acetone cyanohydrin gives methacrylic acid (MAA), a monomer which goes direcdy into acryUc latexes, carboxylated styrene—butadiene polymers, or ethylene—MAA ionomers. As part of the methacrylic stmcture, acetone is found in the following major end use products acryUc sheet mol ding resins, impact modifiers and processing aids, acryUc film, ABS and polyester resin modifiers, surface coatings, acryUc lacquers, emulsion polymers, petroleum chemicals, and various copolymers (see METHACRYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES METHACRYLIC POLYMERS). 

Since this pioneering work a number of IPNs have been prepared. Poly(styrene) has been used as the second network polymer in conjunction with several other polymers, including poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate), styrene-butadiene, and castor oil. Polyurethanes have been used to form IPNs with poly(methyl methacrylate), other acrylic polymers, and with epoxy resins. 

Nitrile rubber (NBR), a copolymer of 1,3-butadiene with 20-40% acrylonitrile, is noted for its oil resistance. More than 150 million pounds are produced annually in the United States. Applications include fuel tanks, gasoline hoses, and creamery equipment. Nitrile resin is made by copolymerizing acrylonitrile with about 20-30% styrene or methyl methacrylate in the presence of NBR or SBR rubber to yield a blend of the graft terpolymer and homocopolymer. Applications include extruded and blow-molded containers for household, automotive, and other products as well as some nonbeverage foods (spices, vitamins, candy). 

Core-shell emulsion polymers with a core or rubbery stage based on homopolymers or copolymers of butadiene are used as impact modifiers in matrix polymers, such as ABS, for styrene acrylonitrile copolymer methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymers, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and in various engineering resins such as polycarbonate) (PC) poly(ester)s, or poly(styrene)s, further in thermosetting resins such as epoxies. 

The importance of the graft handle on a 62/38 butadiene-methyl methacrylate rubber can be illustrated by its effect on the optical properties of the polyblend. From Table II it can be seen that the reduction in percent haze is dramatic for an increase of methyl methacrylate graft from 0 to 27% by weight, while there is no apparent change in the light transmission. The blend resin in this polyblend system was an 88-12 methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, and the total resin to backbone rubber ratio was kept at 2.5-1.0. The measured refractive indices are included for each component (the graft rubber and the blend resin). The difference in refractive index amounts to no more than 0.004 unit for any of the components. 

Typical mechanical properties for transparent injection-molded polymers, designated MBAS, having a compositional range of from 11-18%, 1,3-butadiene, 34-39% styrene, and 23-25% each of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate are given in Table IV. This polymer is closely akin to the polyblend described previously, differing by containing a butadiene-styrene elastomer backbone, with a terpolymer resin graft consist-... 

MC MDI MEKP MF MMA MPEG MPF NBR NDI NR OPET OPP OSA PA PAEK PAI PAN PB PBAN PBI PBN PBS PBT PC PCD PCT PCTFE PE PEC PEG PEI PEK PEN PES PET PF PFA PI PIBI PMDI PMMA PMP PO PP PPA PPC PPO PPS PPSU Methyl cellulose Methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Melamine formaldehyde Methyl methacrylate Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde Nitrile butyl rubber Naphthalene diisocyanate Natural rubber Oriented polyethylene terephthalate Oriented polypropylene Olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile Polyamide Poly(aryl ether-ketone) Poly(amide-imide) Polyacrylonitrile Polybutylene Poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) Polybenzimidazole Polybutylene naphthalate Poly(butadiene-styrene) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Polycarbonate Polycarbodiimide Poly(cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(ether-imide) Poly(ether-ketone) Polyethylene naphthalate Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Perfluoroalkoxy resin Polyimide Poly(isobutylene), Butyl rubber Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methylpentene) Polyolefins Polypropylene Polyphthalamide Chlorinated polypropylene Poly(phenylene oxide) Poly(phenylene sulfide) Poly(phenylene sulfone)... 

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