PVC Resin Producers

Blending of expensive thermoplastic urethanes with less costly PVC resins produces a material for use in the medical field that offers good clarity and heat stability, and high strength and abrasion resistance. A 70 Shore A blend has 25%... 

The PVC films are formed by combining PVC resin, produced by addition polymerization of vinyl chloride, with plasticizers and other additives. The films are generally soft and flexible and have excellent self-cling property, excellent resistance to chemicals, resilience and have good clarity. They are tough and easy to seal by heat. The sealing temperature of flexible PVC is 100-160°C. The permeability is relatively high. 

Almost all of the OX that is recovered is used to produce phthaUc anhydride. PhthaUc anhydride is a basic building block for plasticizers used in flexible PVC resins, for polyester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics, and for alkyd resins used for surface coatings. OX is also used to manufacture phthalonitrile, which is converted to copper phthalocyanine, a pigment. 

There are two principal PVC resins for producing vinyl foams suspension resin and dispersion resin. The suspension resin is prepared by suspension polymerization with a relatively large particle size in the 30—250 p.m range and the dispersion resin is prepared by emulsion polymerization with a fine particle size in the 0.2—2 p.m range (245). The latter is used in the manufacture of vinyl plastisols which can be fused without the appHcation of pressure. In addition, plastisol blending resins, which are fine particle size suspension resins, can be used as a partial replacement for the dispersion resin in a plastisol system to reduce the resin costs. 

Ethylene Dichlonde and Vinyl Chloride. In the United States, all ethylene dichloride [107-60-2] (EDC) is produced from ethylene, either by chlorination or oxychlorination (oxyhydrochlorination). The oxychlorination process is particularly attractive to manufacturers having a supply of by-product HCl, such as from pyrolysis of EDC to vinyl chloride [75-01-4] monomer (VCM), because this by-product HCl can be fed back to the oxychlorination reactor. EDC consumption follows demand for VCM which consumed about 87% of EDC production in 1989. VCM is, in turn, used in the manufacture of PVC resins. Essentially all HCl generated during VCM production is recycled to produce precursor EDC (see Chlorocarbons and Cm OROHYDROCARBONS ViNYLPOLYAffiRS). 

More than half the metal stearates produced in the United States are appHed as lubricants and heat stabili2ers (qv) in plastics, particularly in the processing of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resins. 

Figure 3 shows the end uses, arranged in categories, of the PVC produced in the United States (5). About 35% of the PVC resin is extruded into pipe, complex forms, or flat sheets. Another 32% is calendered into film and flooring materials. About 12% is injection-molded or blow-molded into packages, records, and other forms a lesser amount is coated onto paper or fabric. Approximately 4% is exported. It is easy to see how the demand for this extraordinarily versatile material would stimulate great interest in its production. 

The majority of PVC is produced by free-radical suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. PVC is available in a number of grades and forms rigid or flexible resins. A flexible resin is obtained by incorporating plasticizers into the resins. 

When E-PVC resins are mixed with a liquid plasticiser, a paste (or plastisol) is produced. Consequently these resins are called paste resins. They are used in a wide range of speciality applications such as coating, dipping or spreading. 

The PVC industry consists of resin producers, compounders, additive suppliers and processors. Most processors specialise in processes linked to either PVC-U or PVC-P applications. In some cases, such as pipe and window frame manufacturing, the processed PVC is marketed directly by the processor. In other cases, the processor passes on the PVC in semi-finished form to another company. 

There has been much rationalisation of resin producers in the last twenty years due to consolidation transactions. The major PVC industry participants, as described by EVC International NV, are shown in Table 1 for the year 2000 (166). 

Today s vinyl moulding compounds are successfully meeting the combined challenges of physical properties, appearance, processability, and cost requirements in a variety of specialty injection moulding applications such as appliance parts, business equipment, and electrical enclosures. One of the major reasons why vinyl materials are so versatile is that the PVC resins on which they are based can be easily modified with a variety of additives to tailor the particular performance features of the compounds to their intended applications. Determination of an appropriate combination of PVC resin and additives to produce an effective and cost-competitive compound,... 

CPVC is produced by reacting suspension PVC resin with chlorine. The reaction is initiated by decomposing diatomic chlorine dissolved in water into highly unstable and reactive chlorine... 

Fatty acid epoxides have numerous uses. In particular, oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin represent the greatest proportion of current consumption of renewable raw materials in the chemical industry, providing applications that cannot be met by petrochemicals [64]. Polyether polyols produced from methyl oleate by the Prileshajev epoxidation (using peracetic acid) are an example. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) is a mixture of the glycerol esters of epoxidized linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids. It is used as a plasticizer and stabilizer for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) [1] and as a stabilizer for PVC resins to improve flexibility, elasticity, and toughness [65]. The ESBO market is second to that of epoxy resins and its world wide production... 

Borden Chem/Plastics L.P. BCU Produces chemicals and PVC resins... 

Most of the ASA produced is used for blending with a lower cost PVC resin by the end users. The fabricator blends powders of ASA and PVC... 

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