Ethyl a-methylacrylate

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-25421 BRN 0471201 CCRIS 4817 EINECS 202-597-5 Ethyl a-methylacrylate Ethyl 2-methacrylate Ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Ethyl 2-methylacrylate Ethyl methacrylate Ethylester kyseliny methakrylove HSDB 1332 Methacrylic acid, ethyl ester NSC 24152 RCRA waste number U118 Rhoplex AC-33 Rhoplex AC-33 (Rohm and Haas) UN2277. Used in manufacture of polymers and chemical intermediates. Liquid mp = -75° bp = 117° d = 0.9135 soluble in CHCI3, H2O (0.4 g/100 ml), more soluble in EtOH, EtzC LD50 (rat orl)n 14800 mg/kg. Rohm Haas Co, Rohm Haas UK. 

These properties, combined with the fact that the second methoxyl group is not attached to the benzene ring and must, therefore, be derived from the dihydroxyphenylalanine (or prephenic acid) precursor, suggest the presence in rhynchophylline of a /3-methoxyacrylic ester residue. Convincing support for this conclusion is provided by a comparison of the UV- and IR-spectra of rhynchophylline with those of appropriate model compounds. Thus, the UV-spectrum of rhynchophylline is identical with the summation spectrum of 3-ethyloxindole and ethyl jS-ethoxy-a-methylacrylate (74), and it is also closely similar to that of formosanine. The IR-absorption of rhynchophylline in the carbonyl region also resembles that of formosanine, except that rhynchophylline exhibits an additional band, of medium intensity, at 1645 cm-1 this band, however, is also present in the spectrum of ethyl jS-ethoxy-a-methylacrylate. 

Conceptually similar a,a -annulations of ketone enamines have also been carried out with electrophilic alkenes containing a reactive allylic halogen, such as ethyl a-bromo-methylacrylate or dimethyl y-bromomesaconate318-320 (Scheme 156). An elegant one-pot synthesis of the adamantane ring system involving sequential double Stork and Dieckmann reactions has been developed by Stetter and Thomas321 (Scheme 157). Reaction of the bis-enamine 154 with ethyl a-bromomethylacrylate leads to the pentacy-clic system 155322 (Scheme 158). 

Acrylate. A salt of acrylic acid(qv). Acrylates, such as a-methylacrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc, are described under the letters M, E, etc... 

Synonyms EMA Ethyl-2-methylacrylate Ethyl-a-methyl acrylate Ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Methacrylic acid, ethyl ester 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, ethyl ester 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester DeMion Ester of ethyl alcohol and methacrylic acid Empiricai CsHmOz Formuia H2C CCH3COOC2Hs... 

Ethyl-2-methylacrylate Ethyl-a-methyl acrylate. See Ethyl methacrylate Ethyl p-methylacrylate. See Ethyl crotonate N-Ethyl-3-methylaniline. See N-Ethyl-m-toluidine... 

PAMAM dendrimers are synthesized in a multistep process. Starting from a multifunctional amine (for example ammonia, ethylenediamine, or tris(2-amino-ethyl)amine) repeated Michael addition of methylacrylate and reaction of the product with ethylenediamine leads to dendrimers of different generation numbers [1,9]. Two methylacrylate monomers are added to each bifunctional ethylenediamine generating a branch at each cycle. Unreacted ethylenediamine has to be completely removed at each step to prevent the initiation of additional dendrimers of lower generation number. Excess methylacrylate has also to be removed. Bridging between two branches of the same or of two different dendrimers by ethylenediamine can also be a problem, and has to be avoided by choosing appropriate reaction conditions. 

The results of the olefin oxidation catalyzed by 19, 57, and 59-62 are summarized in Tables VI-VIII. Table VI shows that linear terminal olefins are selectively oxidized to 2-ketones, whereas cyclic olefins (cyclohexene and norbomene) are selectively oxidized to epoxides. Cyclopentene shows exceptional behavior, it is oxidized exclusively to cyclopentanone without any production of epoxypentane. This exception would be brought about by the more restrained and planar pen-tene ring, compared with other larger cyclic nonplanar olefins in Table VI, but the exact reason is not yet known. Linear inner olefin, 2-octene, is oxidized to both 2- and 3-octanones. 2-Methyl-2-butene is oxidized to 3-methyl-2-butanone, while ethyl vinyl ether is oxidized to acetaldehyde and ethyl alcohol. These products were identified by NMR, but could not be quantitatively determined because of the existence of overlapping small peaks in the GC chart. The last reaction corresponds to oxidative hydrolysis of ethyl vinyl ether. Those olefins having bulky (a-methylstyrene, j8-methylstyrene, and allylbenzene) or electon-withdrawing substituents (1-bromo-l-propene, 1-chloro-l-pro-pene, fumalonitrile, acrylonitrile, and methylacrylate) are not oxidized. 

This synthesis has one rather anomalous application, when a-bromo-isobutyric acid (or its ethyl ester) is heated with silver, some tetramethyl-succinic acid is produced in the ordinary way (B., 23, 297 26, 1458). But there also appears trimethylglutaric acid (A., 292, 220). To explain the unexpected formation of this acid, it has been assumed that a portion of the a-bromoisobutyric acid gives up HBr to form methylacrylic acid. This latter then forms j3-bromoisobutyric acid, and the silver withdraws bromine from the a- and /3 acids, whereby the residues unite to tri-methyl-glutaric acid (B., 22, 48, 60). A similar explanation applies to some other syntheses in which tetramethylsuccinic and trimethylglutaric acids appear together. 

The herbicides N-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl) propionamide (Propanil), N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) methylacryl amide (Diciyl), and N-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methylpentanamide (Karsil) were transformed into 3,4-dichloroaniline [222-225]. The a[Pg.22]

Isopropyl titanium triisostearate Methacrylic acid 2-Methylacrylic acid 2-(2-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl) ethyl ester Methyltrimethoxysilane Oleic aminoethylimidazoline PEG-3 dimethacrylate PEG-6 trimethylolpropane Pentaerythrityl-tris-(B-(N-aziridinyl) propionate Polyethylenimine Propylene/MA copolymer PVPA/A copolymer Rosin, polymerized Styrene/allyl alcohol copolymer Styrene/MA copolymer Tallowaminopropylamine Tetraisopropyl di (dioctylphosphito) titanate Triallylcyanurate Tricaprylyl methyl ammonium chloride Trimethylolpropane tris-(B-(N-aziridinyl) propionate) Tris [1-(2-methyl-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide] adhesion promoter, acrylic resins... 

Similar to the vegetable oil-based polyesters, the curing system must be selected according to the nature of the oil. As an example, for non-drying oil-based poly(ester amide), the following system can be used. A homogeneous mixture of resin with 30 parts of styrene or methyl methylacrylate as the reactive diluent, four parts of methyl-ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as an initiator and two parts of cobalt octate/naphthenate as an activator, are prepared in a container at room temperature by mechanical stirring. The thin films of the resin system can then be cured at the desired temperature for a predetermined period of time. 

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