Side chains, grafted

Again, this structure resembles very much a linear chain, when the side chains are much shorter than the backbone. The other limit is that of a short backbone and long side chains grafted on the backbone in the densest way. This structure will approach the behavior of star molecules. It should be mentioned that a realization of complete regularity will scarcely be possible. It is almost im-... 

Macromers are then short polymers, which contain an active end group. This end group can be a site of unsaturation, heterocycle, or other group that can further react. Macromers are usually designed as intermediates in the complete synthesis of a polymeric material. These macromers can be introduced as side chains (grafts) or they may serve as the backbones (comonomer) of polymers. The macromers can also act as separate phases. 

Graft polymers were obtained by mastication of a 60/40 blend of natural rubber and chlorosulphonated polyethylene (/). From 10-55% natural rubber was obtained as side chains. Grafting presumably proceeds by transfer of chlorine atoms to the rubber radicals to give grafting sites for combination with rubber radicals. Soluble linear polymers were also obtained by mastication for 50-180 min under nitrogen for a blend 50/50 of natural rubber and a polyurethane rubber (Vulcaprene A) (/). 

Figure 9-2. Based on the conjugated backbone of a para-phenylene the most common principle structures of conjugated molecules are described (a) the pure backbone (b) a backbone with attached side-groups Rl and R2 (c) a ladder type-conjugated backbone (d) and (e) represent different types of copolymers, where (d) represents a side chain-graft copolymer and (e) a single chain-block copolymer.

Grafting from , corresponding to the side chains grafted from the back-... 

Simple homopolymers or random copolymers that are solvated by the dispersion medium are only weakly adsorbed to the surface of the polymer particles and cannot therefore provide the strongly anchored sheath of solvated polymer chains necessary for steric stabilization [3.60]. Block and graft copolymers play a key role in the steric stabilization of nonaqueous dispersions. Block and graft copolymers contain long runs of identical monomers in the polymer chain (block) or in side chains (graft) ... 

Possibly a polymerizable side chain grafted onto the polymeric acid molecules that are capable of undergoing addition polymerization with the HEMA and thereby becoming incorporated into the set matrix. 

Molecular brushes are polymers composed of a long main chain (backbone), onto which side chains (grafts) are attached at regular intervals. See Fig. 4c for a graphic illustration. The graft-copolymers are classified as molecular brushes, provided the... 

In order to better understand the stmcture-property relationship of molecular bmshes, a series of well-defined polymers have been prepared and investigated in which the nature and length of the side chains, grafting density, overall architecture, and composition of the polymer backbone are S5istematically varied. 

Poor solvent conditions for the side chains grafted to, e.g., a linear polymer (bottle brushes) will lead to intermolecular aggregation however, interestingly, they can also lead to intramolecular microphase separation within a homopolymer chain. Consider a bottle brush polymer with a very stiff backbone (in the simulations [92] it was modeled as a rigid rod) placed into poor solvent conditions. The resulting structures then depend on solvent quality and grafting density of the side chains, as exhibited in Fig. 34. 

S.4 Sulfonated Fluorinated PAEs with Side Chain Grafting... 

Li et al. [161] prepared sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAE) copolymers, S2-PAES-xx and S4-PAES-XX, with two or four pendant phenyl sulfonic acid groups as side chain grafting. The proton conductivity values of the sulfonated copolymers... 

Scheme 2.42 Structures of sulfonated fluorinated poly(arylene ether)s with side chain grafting.

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