Polyesters products

Direct oxidation yields biacetyl (2,3-butanedione), a flavorant, or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, an initiator used in polyester production. Ma.nufa.cture. MEK is predominandy produced by the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol. The reaction mechanism (11—13) and reaction equihbtium (14) have been reported, and the process is in many ways analogous to the production of acetone (qv) from isopropyl alcohol. 

Economic Aspects. Terephthahc acid and dimethyl terephthalate are usually sold under long-term contracts. Pricing information is at times pubhshed but actual contract prices are not revealed. Price data pubhshed in 1992 were 0.60/kg for terephthahc acid and 0.57/kg for dimethyl terephthalate (42). The price is mainly influenced by the price of -xylene. The price of terephthahc acid is more than dimethyl terephthalate because a kilogram of it produces 17% more polyester. The price of dimethyl terephthalate takes this factor plus a credit for the methanol generated during polyester production into consideration. 

Approximately 600,000 metric tons of aluminum hydroxides were used in chemical appHcations in the United States in 1988 40% as fillers, 45% for the production of aluminum chemicals, and 15% for various other uses. Carpet backing was the principal filler type appHcation foUowed by polyester products. 

The physical properties of the reinforced polyester product made from chopped glass are Hsted in Table 1. The chemical resistance varies according to the composition but is generally good. Its principal uses in building products are for sanitary ware, eg, tub-shower units, and for panels, especially translucent or cement-filled types for roofing and walls of commercial or industrial buildings. 

Propanediol is a colorless liquid that boils at 210-211°C. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It is an intermediate for polyester production. It could be produced via the hydroformylation of ethylene oxide which yields 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. Flydrogenation of the product produces 1,3-propanediol. 

Generators Metal working machines Polyester production lines... 

Divinyl esters reported first by us are efficient monomers for polyester production under mild reaction conditions. In the lipase PF-catalyzed polymerization of divinyl adipate and 1,4-butanediol in diisopropyl ether at 45°C, a polyester with molecular weight of 6.7 x 10 was formed, whereas adipic acid and diethyl adipate did not afford the polymeric materials under similar reaction conditions (Scheme 3). 

A combinatorial approach for biocatalytic production of polyesters was demonstrated. A library of polyesters were synthesized in 96 deep-well plates from a combination of divinyl esters and glycols with lipases of different origin. In this screening, lipase CA was confirmed to be the most active biocatalyst for the polyester production. As acyl acceptor, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters and vinyl esters were examined and the former produced the polymer of higher molecular weight. Various monomers such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and a natural steroid diol were used as acyl acceptor. 

Fig. 1. Typical routes of polyester production using an isolated enzyme as catalyst...

An additional example of applying SSP to co-polyester production has been outlined in a US patent [59], This discloses the production of co-polyesters based on terephthalic acid and with up to 12% bis-(hydroxy ethoxy phenyl)sulfone co-monomer content. Additional patents exist concerning the SSP of other copolyesters [60, 61]. 

Although PEN is a fifty-year-old polyester product it is only now just beginning to make a major appearance into the marketplace. It was first synthesized as a laboratory curiosity in 1948 by ICI scientists [4], Dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (NDC) is the primary starting monomer, along with glycol. The key to further development of PEN is to produce the diacid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDA), on a commercial scale. This is a major... 

Polejes, J. D Nylon and polyester production - in practice, Presentation given at the Fundamentals of Melt Spinning and Yam Production Conference, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, February 26-27, 1992. 

It is not the intention of this contribution to discuss phenomena that have already been expertly reported in the literature, but to create an insight into everyday polyester production that is a consequence of long years of industrial experience. For detailed mechanistic, chemical and analytical reports, readers may want to refer to a number of excellent reviews available in the literature. 

A major aspect of polymer, in particular polyester, production is the manufacturing of fibers for textile and technical applications. This section deals with the impact of the production conditions on the fiber quality. The following discussion will be mainly based on PET fibers, but by and large the problems, phenomena and their solutions are generally relevant to the production of other polymer filaments. 

The polyester product is first dissolved in styrene at a level of 60 % polyester and 40 % styrene. The initiators, either benzoyl peroxides (BPOs) or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), with appropriate co-catalysts, are added. The mixture is then poured into a glass mold and cured at room temperature for the MEKP system or at 100 °C for the BPO systems. A post-cure at 100 °C or 130 °C, respectively, for 5 h is then carried out. Blending experiments were carried out by using a dicyclo pentadiene (DCPD) resin, 61-AA-364, from GLS Fiberglass (Woodstock, IL, USA). This sample is pre-promoted , so we could only use the MEKP system. 

Telechelic polymers are also used in the synthesis of many products including segmented PU and polyester products. 

The bulk of polyester production in the United States has gone to the synthetic coatings field in the manufacture of glyptal resin coatings and varnishes, with production between 200,000,000 and 300,000,000 pounds in the postwar years. A recent development has been the use of polyester-styrene copolymers reinforced by Fiberglas for the manufacture of items such as low-pressure molded boats, corrugated structural sheet, and plastic pipe. The 1947 requirements for glycerol in the production of polyester resins and... 

Xylene Separation-U.O.P. s Parex Process. The continued rapid increase in the p-xylene demand as a raw material for polyester products in... 

Adipic acid [124-04-9] - [ALKYD RESINS] (Vol 2) - [DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 8) - [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) - (ELECTROCHEMICALPROCESSDTG - ORGANIC] (Vol 9) -barrier polymers from [BARRIERPOLYMERS] (Vol 3) -from cyclohexane [HYDROCARBONS - C1-C6] (Vol 13) -from cyclohexane [HYDROCARBON OXIDATION] (Vol 13) -from cyclohexanol [CYCLOHEXANOL AND CYCLOHEXANONE] (Vol 7) -as food additive [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) -nylon from [POLYAMIDES - FIBERS] (Vol 19) -nylon-6,6 from [POLYAMIDES - GENERAL] (Vol 19) -nylon-6,6 from [POLYAMIDES - PLASTICS] (Vol 19) -m polyester production [COMPOSITE MATERIALS - POLYMER-MATRIX - THERMOSETS] (Vol 7) -m polyester resins [POLYESTERS, UNSATURATED] (Vol 19) -soda preservatives [CARBONATED BEVERAGES] (Vol 5)... 

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