Carbohydrates residues

Absorption spectra of the phenol-sulfuric acid solutions tested for total sugars show that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from hexoses is more common in the uppermost Silurian and Devonian samples than in the earlier deposits. Furfurals from pentose sugars evidently form the bulk of the residual carbohydrates in these samples, however. There is no definite evidence as to the marine or terrestrial origin of the hexose products in the samples. 

S. Lavielle, N. C. Ling, R. Saltmann, and R. Guillcmin, Synthesis of a glycotripeptide and glycosomatostatin containing the 3-0-(2-acetamido-2 dcoxy-P-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-serine residue, Carbohydr. Res. 89 229 (1981). 

Lifely, M.R., Gilbert, A.W. and Moreno, C. (1981) Sialic acid polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli esterification between adjacent residues. Carbohydr. Res. 94 193-203... 

Pretreating wet DG with S02 (experiment 2) resulted in higher solubilization of residual carbohydrates than uncatalyzed steam explosion (experiment 1), however, higher yields and conversions are possible if homogeneous absorption of the acid gas can be accomplished. Careful examination of the S02-pretreated residue indicated nonhomogeneous pretreatment because the S02 appears to have been absorbed only at the surface of the particles and did not penetrate far into the interior. However, less expensive pretreatment reactors are possible if S02 is used as the catalyst, as opposed to dilute-acid pretreatment, because exotic alloys may not be needed. 

Fig. 2.7.3. Cluster glycosides synthesized by Lee et al. and their binding to ASGPR on isolated rabbit hepatocytes [7], Carbohydrate residues involved in multivalent binding are highlighted in gray. The residual carbohydrates are assumed to function as a scaffold.

Two grams of HSPAN was added to 500 ml of water, the pH was adjusted from 9 to 6.5 with dilute hydrochloric acid, and 0.1 ml of Thermamyl 60L enzyme solution (Novo Enzyme Corp.) was added. The resulting mixture was heated at 95°C for 21 hr, and the clear yellow solution was exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water. Freeze drying yielded 1.235 g of polymer, which contained only about 5% residual carbohydrate (by infrared analysis). The number average molecular weight of this polymer was 44,000, as determined in 0.15N sodium chloride solution on a Melabs Model CSM-2 membrane osmometer equipped with a B-19 membrane (Schleicher and Schuell Co.). 

Molecular weight sedimentation amino acid composition No. amino acid residues Carbohydrate, %... 

Needs, P. W., Rigby, N. M., Ring, S. G., MacDougall, A. J. Specific degradation of pectins via a carbodiimide-mediated Lessen rearrangement of methyl esterified galacturonic acid residues. Carbohydr. Res. 2001, 333,47-58. 

Permethylation Linkage Analysis Techniques for Residual Carbohydrates... 

J. Elting, C. C. Huang, and R. Montgomery, Periodate oxidation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-P-D-glucopyranosyl residues, Carbohydr. Res., 28 (1973) 387-389. 

Fruit and variety Type of residue Carbohydrate monomers % of Extracted material... 

El-Sakhawy, M., Hassan, M. Physical and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose prepared from local agricultural residues. Carbohydr. Polym. 67, 1-10 (2007)... 

It can be chopped and fed with suitable nutrients to an anaerobic digester wherein 95% of the carbohydrate is converted to a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the process the lead precipitates as lead sulfide and is centrifuged to separate it from the residual carbohydrate and water. The aqueous layer is recycled to the digester after taking a suitable purge to bleed off salts. The aqueous waste can be treated with lime to precipitate the salts. As with alternative 2, the lead sulfide can be sold to a lead smelter at 50% of the price for pure lead. 

The calorific (caloric) value of beer is due to ethanol, residual carbohydrate, and protein and can be calculated from the equation ... 

Ogawa, R. and Tokura, S. 1992. Preparation of bacterial eeUulose containing iV-acetylglucosamine residues. Carbohydrate Polymers 19(3) 171-178. 

Haafiz, M.K.M., Eichhom, S J., Hassan, A., Jawaid, M., 2013b. Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm biomass residue. Carbohydrate Polymer 93, 628-634. 

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