Non-genotoxic agents

Dietrich, D. R., and Swenberg, J. A. (1991). Preneoplastic lesions in rodent kidney induced spontaneously or by non genotoxic agents Predictive nature and comparison to lesions induced by genotoxic carcinogens. Mutat Res 248, 239-260. 

Ideally, the doses selected for rodent bioassays for non-genotoxic pharmaceuticals should provide an exposure to the agent, and adequate margin of safety, no significant chronic physiological dysfunction and compatible with good survival. 

Class 2 solvents Solvents to be limited. These include non-genotoxic animal carcinogens or possible causative agents of other irreversible toxicity, such as neurotoxicity or teratogenicity and solvents suspected of other significant but reversible toxicities. 

Voogd C (1989) Azathioprine, a genotoxic agent to be considered non-genotoxic in man. Mutation Research 221 133-152. 

Usnic acid triggered the oxidative stress and disruption of the normal metabolic processes of breast cancer cell line MCF7 and lung cancer cell line HI 299 (null for p53) however, it was not involved in DNA damage. It was suggested that the property of usnic acid as a non-genotoxic anticancer agent that works in a p53-independent manner makes it a potential candidate for novel cancer therapy (Mayer et al. 2005). 

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