Measles-mumps-rubella MMR vaccine

IGIM should be injected into a deltoid or gluteal muscle. It does not affect the immune response of inactivated vaccines, oral polio virus, or yellow fever vaccine. The administration of live vaccines [e.g., measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine] concomitantly with IGIM may decrease the immune response significantly thus, MMR and varicella vaccine should be delayed for at least 3 and 5 months, respectively, after IGIM has been administered. Additionally, IGIM should not be given within 2 weeks of the MMR administration or within 3 weeks of the varicella vaccine to maximize the efficacy of the immunization.1... 

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, also referred to as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is a bleeding disorder characterised by destruction of platelets. Antiplatelet autoantibodies are present, suggesting an autoimmune aetiology. These antibodies label the platelets for destruction by macrophages in the spleen. The condition may be acute or chronic. Acute ITP is the most common form and is found most often in children. Some cases are associated with recent viral infections and immunisations, notably the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Typically, the disease is transient with no evidence of vaccine-associated recurrence. The peak incidence occurs between the ages of... 

Live measles virus vaccine is available in monovalent (measles only) form and in combinations measles-rubella (MR) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines. Measles vaccines based on further attenuated strains (beyond the level of the original strain, for example the Edmonston B strain or Schwarz strain) produces a mild or subclinical and non-communicable infection. 

Caiman K. Measles, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, Crohn s disease and autism. Dear doctor letter from the Chief Medical Officer, March 1998, PL/CMO/98/2. 

As polysaccharide vaccines were shown to elicit only limited protection in infants and young children, conjugated polysaccharide vaccines were developed to provide a more potent and sustained immune response [2]. Many of these traditional vaccines target childhood diseases, and are used in combinations for pediatric applications in order to reduce the number of injections during the first years of life. Currently, vaccine combinations can prevent against between three to six different diseases, such as the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine or the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combination, which may be administered together with Haemophilus influenzae, hepatitis B, or poliovirus vac-... 

Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine [SED-15, 2207 SEDA-30, 375 SEDA-31, 521 SEDA-32, 581]... 

Innnunologic Dextran 70 has been used as stabilizer in a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine product named Morupar. This vaccine was associated with dextran-driven hypersensitivity reactions with high concentrations of dextran-spedfic IgG [43"]. The most probable mechanism is immune complex-mediated reactions caused by naturally occurring dextran-specific antibodies. Morupar was withdrawn from the market. 

England and Deranark demonstrated that this collaborative approach worked well when they used a common protocol and analysis, and provided individual estimates consistent with the established risk of thrombocytopenic purpura following measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination [4 ]. 

The most notable example of live attenuated vaccines is the smallpox vaccine, first developed by Edward Jenner, although the origin of the vaccine (vaccinia virus) remains obscure. More recent examples of live attenuated vaccines include most of the viral vaccines currently in use, such as measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) and varicella zoster (VZV) vaccines, and some... 

MM vaccine) and with measles and rubella (MMR vaccine). Vaccines based on the following mumps vaccine strains are in use ... 

Hepatitis A vaccine can be given concomitantly with Ig however, the antibody titer obtained is lower (bnt stiU protective) than when the vaccine is given alone. Ig can interfere with the response to measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and varicella vaccines. Administration of MMR vaccine should be delayed for at least 3 months after administration of Ig (5 months for varicella vaccine). Conversely, Ig should not be administered within 2 weeks after the administration of MMR (3 weeks for varicella vaccine), nnless the benefits of Ig clearly ontweigh the benefits of vaccination. If Ig is administered within 2 weeks after administration of MMR (3 weeks for varicella vaccine), the person should be revaccinated—bnt no sooner than 3 months (5 months for varicella) after Ig. ... 

Hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity reactions, considered to be vaccine-related based on the timing and specificity of the reactions, were reported to the United States Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following vaccination for Lyme disease and subsequently evaluated (Burmester et al., 1995 Lathrop et al., 2002). Other reported immune system-related events to vaccines included rheumatoid arthritis, immune system disorders, detection of antinuclear antibodies, lupus syndrome, and lymphocytosis (Zhou et al., 2003). These were very rare events, with each condition comprising 0.2% or fewer of the total reports. Anaphylactic responses to vaccines were also rare and were estimated at less than one case per miUion administered vaccine doses (Bohlke et al., 2003). A number of studies evaluated anaphylactic responses to the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), hepatitis B, diphtheria or tetanus vaccines with similar findings (Dobson et al., 1995 D Souza et al., 2000 Patja et al, 2000 Pool et al., 2002). However, some of the vaccine-induced hypersensitivity reactions are attributed to components of the formulation, such as gelatin or egg, rather than the antigen itself (Patja et al., 2001 Pool et al., 2002). 

Classic vaccines products of a whole or part (subunit) of a microorganism. They can be attenuated or inactivated vaccines, snbnnits, or toxoids products of the microorganism s metabolism, for instance, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP), Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR), oral polio vaccine (OPV), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), smallpox, rotavirus, and so on. 

Hematologic The incidence of immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization and the risk of recurrence after repeat immunization have been compared with the incidence after natural measles and rubella in a systematic review [19 ]. On the basis of 12 studies, the incidence of MMR-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura was 0.087-4 (median 2.6) cases per 100000 vaccine doses. Severe bleeding was rare, and MMR-associated thrombocytopenia resolved within 6 months from diagnosis in 93% of cases. MMR vaccination of unimmunized patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and revaccination of patients with prior disease did not lead to recurrence. The authors concluded that MMR-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura is rare, self-limiting, and non-life-threatening, and that susceptible children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura should be immunized with MMR at the recommended ages. 

Notes Measles, mumps and rubella vaccines are generally administered in the form of a combined measles/mumps/rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine). 

Many of the more prominent vaccine preparations in current medical use consist of attenuated viral particles (Table 10.11). Mumps vaccine consists of live attenuated strains of Paramyxovirus parotitidis. In many world regions, it is used to routinely vaccinate children, often a part of a combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Several attenuated strains have been developed for use in vaccine preparations. The most commonly used is the Jeryl Linn strain of the mumps vaccine, which is propagated in chick embryo cell culture. This vaccine has been administered to well over 50 million people worldwide and, typically, results in seroconversion rates of over 97%. The Sabin (oral poliomyelitis) vaccine consists of an aqueous suspension of poliomyelitis virus, usually grown in cultures of monkey kidney tissue. It contains approximately 1 million particles of poliomyelitis strains 1, 2 or 3 or a combination of all three strains. 

MMR measles mumps rubella MMRV measles-mumps-rubella vaccine... 

Immunocompromise is a contraindication to the use of live virus vaccines, such as measles, mumps, rubella, and oral poliomyelitis vaccine. It is recommended that rubella or MMR vaccine should not be given to persons who are immunosuppressed because of AIDS or other clinical manifestations of HIV infection. The vaccine can be given to asymptomatic infected people (139). 

If two or more vaccines are free of interference with each other, they can be administered as a mixture (polyvalent) for convenience. Examples of polyvalent viral vaccines are measles-rubella (MR), rubella-mumps (RM). and mca-slcs-mumps-rubella (MMR). MMR is indicated for routine immunization at 15 months (not given at Ic.ss than I year unlc.ss the child has been expo.sed or lacks iminunocompe-tence). This is because maternal Abs inicrt crc with development of vaccine immunity in small children. If the MMR is given at less than I year, rcvaccination is needed at 15 months of age. 

Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccination (MMR)—Measles component Adults born before 1957 may be considered immune to measles. Adults born in or after 1957 should receive at least one dose of MMR unless they have a medical contraindication, documentation of at least one dose or other acceptable evidence of immunity. A second... 

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